Pelham Taxpayers Funded Westchester County Bonds to Pay Bounties During the Civil War

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By 1863, it was clear to President Abraham Lincoln and to the U.S. Congress that the Civil War was progressing slowly and would require massive numbers of additional men.  On March 3, 1863, President Lincoln signed into law The Enrollment Act, 12 Stat. 731, also known as the Civil War Military Draft Act.  The statute required the enrollment for conscription purposes of every male citizen between ages of twenty and forty-five and every male immigrant who had filed for citizenship and who was between the same ages.  The Federal government promptly established quotas of new troops to come from each Congressional District.  

The controversial statute repealed an earlier ban on sending "substitutes" to serve in place of those drafted who did not want to serve.  It authorized "any person to furnish an acceptable substitute to take his place" and limited the amount that could be paid to such a substitute to $300 (under the philosophy that the price should not be unreasonable out-of-reach of less wealthy men and thus, should be limited).  Nevertheless, the allowance of substitutes was widely criticized as an effort to protect affluent draftees by allowing them to hire the poor to fight the war.  Controversies surrounding The Enrollment Act led to the New York Draft Riots July 13-16, 1863.  

"ENROLLMENT!" Poster Dated June 23, 1863

Posted in New York City After Enactment of The

Enrollment Act.  NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

Despite the controversy, as the year progressed, President Lincoln called for 500,000 additional men to fight on behalf of the Union.  Local newspapers filled with summaries of the enrollment and what was required in local Congressional Districts.  For example, the September 5, 1863 issue of the Rockland County Journal included such information for Pelham and others within the 10th District:

"Recapitulation of the Enrollment in the 10th District.
-----
Showing the number in each Class in each Sub-District, with the number required from each town on the basis of one-fifth of the First Class, and the number, including the 50 per cent added, to be taken from the wheel. . . . .

No. 22
SUB-DISTRICTS New Rochelle and Pelham
No. of Whites. 744
No. of Colored 52
Total number enrolled 796
First Class. 604
Second Class. 192
Quota Called for 121
50 per ct. added 181"

Source:   Recapitulation of the Enrollment in the 10th District, Rockland County Journal, Sep. 5, 1863, Vol. XXV, No. 10, p. 2, cols. 5-6

Local authorities undertook to use taxpayer funds to offer bounties to volunteers and to substitutes who met the call.  (In the case of substitutes, such bounties could be paid in addition to the $300 paid by the draftee to his substitute.)

The substitution system was rife with abuses.  According to one account:

"The policy of substitutions was continued throughout the war.  The problem with substitution was that it provided substitutes with powerful incentives to desert soon after enlisting.  Career 'jumpers' made a living off of enlisting as a substitute, collecting their compensation, deserting before their units were dispatched to the front, and repeating the process.  The problem was well known to the military commanders who regularly saw the same recruits repeatedly.  In addition, troops furnished by substitution were considered to be of an inferior quality in comparison to regulars and volunteers."

Source:  "Enrollment Act" in Wikipedia -- The Free Encyclopedia (visited Feb. 20, 2017).  

"THE RECRUITING BUSINESS"

A Political Cartoon that Appeared 

in Harper's Weekly, Jan. 23, 1864.

NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

During 1864, the County of Westchester sold $562,000 worth of County Bonds to raise money to pay bounties to volunteers and substitutes.  The County apportioned the funds and distributed them to the various towns within the County for those towns to use the money to pay the bounties necessary to meet their various conscription quotas.  The County Board of Supervisors apportioned responsibility for the principal of the bonds and future interest payments among the various towns within the County and enacted legislation to require the various towns within the County to levy, assess, and collect taxes to pay the principal and interest due.  

Various of the Westchester County bonds sold had principal redeemable in each of the years 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, and 1881.  Pelham was apportioned responsibility for $11,000 of principal on the bonds (plus $27.41 of the expenses for issuing and printing the bonds, etc.) plus its proportionate share of future interest payments on the principal.  

Until the first series of county bonds became redeemable in 1876, Pelham was required to make its proportionate annual interest payments of $771.92.  Beginning in 1876, when the first series of county bonds became redeemable, Pelham would have to make annual principal payments of $1,962.18 through 1780 (plus successively smaller interest payments as each successive series of bonds was redeemed).  In 1881, Pelham would have to make a final principal payment on the last series of maturing bonds totaling $1,216.57 (plus some interest), thereby ending its obligation to repay the funds provided it by the county to pay bounties to volunteers and substitutes.

Although only secondary sources are available, it appears that Pelham's quota for helping meet the President's most recent call for 500,000 men was twenty men.  It further appears that Pelham chose not to make bounty payments to substitutes, but only to volunteers.  Thus, on January 21, 1864, the Town of Pelham held a special meeting at 10:00 a.m. "to take into consideration the propriety of raising money by tax for payment of bounties to such men as may enlist in the service of the United States."

On that day, the electors of the Town of Pelham voted to approve the following resolution:  "Resolved:  That the Town offer a bounty of $325 to each man who shall volunteer, to be paid when mustered into the service of the United States."  

In short, as the Civil War continued to drag into early 1864, the citizens of the Town of Pelham continued their work on the home front to support their nation's dire need for the men and resources necessary to fight the good fight.

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Below is the text of several items that shed light on the subject of today's Historic Pelham article.  Each is followed by a citation and link to its source.

"REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON COUNTY TREASURER, ON THE REPORT OF THE COUNTY TREASURER.

To the Honorable the Board of Supervisors of the County of Westchester:

The Committee on County Treasurer respectfully report that they have examined the accounts of the Treasurer and the vouchers for the charges therein stated, and find them correct. . . . 

During the current year the Treasurer has undertaken [illegible] the purpose of paying bounties to volunteers or to those furnishing substitutes under the last call of the President for 500,000 men -- 

To the amount of.........................................$562,000.00
Which be negotiated at a premium of.........      5,593.13

Maturing as follows:

$100,000............................March 1, 1876
  100,000............................March 1, 1877
  100,000............................March 1, 1878
  100,000............................March 1, 1879
  100,000............................March 1, 1880
    62,000............................March 1, 1881

And under like authority in anticipation of the issue
of said bonds, borrowed the sum of............106,000.00
Total...........................................................$673,593.13

Which he has disbursed as follows:

Paid Supervisor's bounty money....................$560,600.00
Paid for temporary loans and interest............  106,655.89
Paid for printing bonds...................................         327.50
Paid for advertising for proposals for bonds..           77.21
U.S. Internal Revenue stamps upon
     notes and bonds.......................................         266.00
Treasurer's fees (1 per cent on
     amount of bonds issued)..........................      5,620.00.  --  $673,546.60
Leaving in the Treasurer's hands..................                                       46.53
The amount of bonds issued as above is......                           $562.000.00
The amount paid to Supervisors is................                           $560,600.00

Making the net expense attending
     the issue of these bonds..........................                                $1,400.00

-- to be borne by the towns which have availed themselves of the issue, in proportion to the amount taken by the towns.

For particulars regarding the issue of bonds your Committee refer the Board to the annexed statement (marked A) showing the amount of money paid to the Supervisors, who, on behalf of their towns, have availed of the issue:  an apportionment of the $1,400; expenses according to the amount taken; and the total amount chargeable on each town; -- also to statement B, showing the amount due from each town for interest payable during 1865, with Treasurer's fees; -- also to statement C, showing the amount of interest payable by each town annually after 1865 until maturity of first series of bonds; -- and, finally, to statement D, showing the amount of principal due from each town upon the maturity of the bonds.

Your Committee offer for adoption the following resolutions: . . . 

Resolved, That there be levied, assessed, and collected, upon the taxable property within the town of --

Cortlandt.................$8,276.85
East Chester...........  1,266.86
Mount Pleasant......   1,274.84
North Castle...........      890.65
New Castle.............   1,036.51
New Rochelle.........   1,827.33
North Salem...........      929.62
Morrisania..............    5,244.05
Poundridge............        545.14
Ossining.................    3,300.59
Mamaroneck..........        583.53
Pelham...................        844.67
Scarsdale...............        276.41
West Farms............    2,549.09
White Plains...........    1,144.62
Yonkers..................  11,056.27 
Yorktown................     1,407.26

-- together $43,042.63 -- to pay the interest due in 1865 on $562,000 -- County bonds issued in 1864, to pay bounties to volunteers or substitute soldiers under the last call of the President for 500,000 men, and Treasurer's fees. . . .

Your Committee have found the books of the Treasurer posted to the date of this report, vouchers for all the charges therein, and the business of the office systematically conducted.  By law the Treasurer is entitled to fees of one per cent. on the amount of money received and disbursed, under the resolutions of your Board and authorizing the issue of bonds for the payment of bounties, and to borrow money in anticipation of such issue, but he has liberally waived his claim for fees on the temporary loan, charging only on the nominal value of the bonds issues.

Respectfully submitted,
ISAAC H. KNOX,                    ]
COFFIN S. BROWN,              }  Committee on County Treasurer.
FRANCIS M. CARPENTER   ]

Dated November 28, 1864

-----

(A.)

APPORTIONMENT OF THE BONDS ISSUED TO PAY BOUNTIES, &C., WITH THE EXPENSES.

                               Principal
                            used by each
Towns                        Town.          Expenses.       Total.

Cortlandt................$107,800         $269.21        $108,069.21
East Chester..........    16,500             41.20            16,541.20
Mount Pleasant.....     16,600            41.45             16,641.45
North Castle..........     11,600            28.94             11,628.97
New Castle...........      13,500           33.71             13,533.71
New Rochelle........     23,800           59.44             23,859.44
North Salem..........     12,100            30.22            12,130.22
Morrisania.............     68,300          170.57            68,470.57
Poundridge...........       7,100            17.73              7,117.73
Ossining................     49,500          123.62            49,623.62
Mamaroneck.........       7,600             18.98             7,618.98
Pelham.................      11,000             27.47           11,027.47
Scarsdale.............        3,600              8.99              3,608.99
West Farms..........      33,200            82.91            33,282.91
White Plains.........      14,900            37.21             14,937.21
Yonkers................     144,000         359.62           144,359.62
Yorktown..............       19,500           48.70             19,548.70

Totals...................     560,600     $1,400.00        $162,000.00

(B.)

INTEREST PAYABLE IN 1865, WITH TREASURER'S FEES.

                                Principal                              Treasurer's
Towns                        sum.             Interest             fees.          Total.

Cortlandt.............$108,069.21       $8,194.90          $81.95      $8,276.85
East Chester.......    16,541.20         1,254.32            12.54        1,266.86
Mt. Pleasant.......     16,641.45         1,261.92            12.62        1,274.54
North Castle........    11,628.97            881.83              8.82           890.65
New Castle..........   13,533.71          1,025.25            10.26        1,086.51
New Rochelle......   23,859.44          1,809.24            18.09        1,827.33
North Salem........   12,130.22             919.82              9.20           929.02
Morrisania...........   68,470.57           5,192.13            51.92       5,244.05
Poundridge.........     7,117.73               539.74              5.40          545.14
Ossining..............   49,623.62           3,762.26            37.63       3,800.59
Mamaroneck.......     7,618.96              577.75              5.78          583.53
Pelham................   11,027.47              836.21              8.36          844.57
Scarsdale.............    3,608.99              273.64              2.74          276.41
West Farms                                             [All Illegible]
White Plains                                            [All Illegible]
Yonkers                                                   [All Illegible]
Yorktown..............  19,548.70            1,482.38            14.82        1,497.20
Totals.................$562,000.00        $42,616.46      $436.17     $43,042.63

(C.)

INTEREST PAYABLE ANNUALLY AFTER 1865, UNTIL MATURITY OF FIRST SERIES OF BONDS.

Towns.                         Principal            Interest
Cortlandt....................$106,099.21       $7,564.84
East Chester.............     16,541.20         1,157.88
Mount Pleasant.........     16,641.45         1,164.90
North Castle..............     11,628.94             814.03
New Castle...............     13,533.71             947.35
New Rochelle...........     23,850.44          1,670.16
North Salem.............     12,130.22             849.11
Morrisania................     68,470.57          4,792.94
Poundridge...............      7,117.73              498.24
Ossining...................     40,623.62          3,473.65
Mamaroneck............       7,618.98              553.33
Pelham.....................     11,027.47             771.92
Scarsdale.................       3,608.99             252.63
West Farms..............     33,282.91         2,329.80
White Plains.............     14,987.21         1,045.60
Yonkers....................   144,350.62       10,105.20
Yorktown..................     19,548.70         1,368.41
Totals.......................$562,000.00      $39,340.00

(D.)

MATURITY OF PRINCIPAL

                                                                Principal
                                                              redeemable
                                     Principal            in each of
                                     of bonds            the years             Principal
                                  used by each      1876, 1877,         redeemable
Towns.                           Town.              1878, 1879,         in the year
                                                               and 1880.              1881.

Cortlandt...................$106,099.21        $19,299.40          $11,923.22
East Chester.............    16,541.20            2,943.27              1,824.85
Mount Pleasant.........    16,641.45           2,961.11               1,835.90
North Castle..............    11,628.97           2,069.21               1,282.92
New Castle................    13,533.71           2,408.13              1,493.06
New Rochelle............    23,859.44           4,245.45              2,632.19
North Salem..............    12,130.22           2,158.40              1,388.22
Morrisania.................    68,470.57          12,183.38             7,568.67
Poundridge...............       7,117.73            1,266.50                785.23
Ossining....................    49,623.62            8,829.83             5,474.47
Mamaroneck.............      7,618.58            1,355.69                840.53
Pelham......................    11,027.47            1,962.18             1,216.57
Scarsdale..................      3,608.99               642.17                398.14
West Farms...............    33,282.91            5,922.22             8,671.81
White Plains..............    14,987.21            2,657.87             1,647.86
Yonkers.....................   144.359.62         25,686.77           15,925.77
Yorktown...................     19,548.70           3,478.42             2,156.60
Totals.........................$562,000.00      $100,000.00       $62,000.00"

Source:  REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON COUNTY TREASURER, ON THE REPORT OF THE COUNTY TREASURER, The Statesman [Yonkers, NY], Dec. 29, 1864, Vol. IX, No. 463, p. 3, cols. 2-3.

"PRESIDENT'S ANCESTORS MADE PELHAM POLITICAL HISTORY
-----
Elbert and Peter Roosevelt Appear in Old Minutes as Justice Of Peace, School Commissioner and Highway Director
-----
(Special To The Daily Argus)

PELHAM, Oct. 15.  --  Pouring over the old minute books of the town meetings of a century ago, one learns the Roosevelts were doing pretty well politically in Pelham.

The Town meeting of 1805 (that's 129 years ago) states Elbert Roosevelt was elected Commissioner of Highways.

In 1834, Peter C. Roosevelt was Justice of the Peace.  In the next year, 1835, Peter was elected as one of the three School Commissioners, and in that year Elbert, either the same Elbert or his son, perhaps, was again Commissioner of Highways.

F. D. R.'s Antecedents

It's a pretty safe guess that Elbert and Peter were antecedents of Franklin D., because Pelham Manor has been a Roosevelt stamping [sic] ground in recent years.  

Stephen S. Pell and David Pell were also names prominent in those days.  The Pell names and the Roosevelt names appear frequently as Town officials.

Oct. 10, 1834, almost an exact 100 years ago a town meeting voted to raise $100 by taxation 'for the support of the Town District School that it may be kept throughout the year.'

Today the running of the School District hits well over the half-million dollars mark.

Civil War Epoch

Further along in the minute books one gets the smell of gun powder and reverberations of Gettysburg and other major Civil War engagements.

Jan. 21, 1864, at a special meeting held in the Town House at 10 A. M., here's what the electors did:

'Resolved:  That the Town furnish its quota of 20 men under the last call of the President of the United States at the expense of the Town.'

Also -- 'Resolved:  That the Town offer a bounty of $325 to each man who shall volunteer, to be paid when mustered into the service of the United States.'

The meeting had been duly advertised in bulletins posted Jan. 11.  They gave the purpose of the special meeting as 'to take into consideration the propriety of raising money by tax for payment of bounties to such men as may enlist in the service of the United States.'"

Source:  PRESIDENT'S ANCESTORS MADE PELHAM POLITICAL HISTORY -- Elbert and Peter Roosevelt Appear in Old Minutes as Justice Of Peace, School Commissioner and Highway Director, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Oct. 15, 1934, p. 11, cols. 6-7.  

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Tue., Dec. 13, 2016:  Rare and Stunning Images of Civil War Pelham Engraved from Photographs Taken In 1864.  

Thu., Nov. 24, 2016:  An Important Thanksgiving Sermon Delivered in 1865 at Christ Church at the Close of the Civil War.

Mon., May 02, 2016:  Additional Research on the Confederate Prisoner of War Camp During the Civil War on Hart's Island in the Town of Pelham. 

Wed., Feb. 24, 2016:  What is Pelham's Connection to the Civil War Ironclad USS Monitor that Fought in the First Battle of Ironclads?

Mon., Feb. 22, 2016:  Report on Prisoner Deaths at the Confederate POW Camp in Pelham During the Civil War. 

Wed., Oct. 21, 2015:  Ministering to Troops on Hart and Davids Islands During and Shortly After the Civil War.  

Mon., Jul. 07, 2014:  More About Pelham Residents Who Served Their Nation During the U.S. Civil War.

Thu., Jun. 12, 2014:  Eyewitness Account of Prisoner of War Concentration Camp That Once Stood in Pelham. 

Fri., May 21, 2010:  The Announcement of President Abraham Lincoln's Assassination in Pelham, NY on April 15, 1865. 

Tue., Mar. 30, 2010:  Obituary of William McAllister Who Built Civil War Gunboats in Pelham.

 Mon., Mar. 29, 2010:  Nathaniel H. Bouldin, a Poor Confederate Prisoner of War Who Died in Pelham in 1865.

Tue., Nov. 03, 2009:  Pelham Students Help Civil War Soldiers on Davids' Island in 1864.

Fri., Nov. 18, 2005:  A List of Pelham Residents Who Served the Union During the Civil War.

Mon., Jul. 11, 2005:  Pelham Cemetery on City Island. 

Fri., Jun. 3, 2005:  Davids' Island Off the Coast of Pelham Manor During the Civil War. 

Tue., Apr. 12, 2005:  Pelham and the Civil War Ironclad USS Monitor.

Archive of the Historic Pelham Web Site.
Home Page of the Historic Pelham Blog.
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More on Unsuccessful Efforts in 1884 by Town of Pelham to Replace the Wooden City Island Bridge

Archive of the Historic Pelham Web Site.
Home Page of the Historic Pelham Blog.
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Recently I wrote about an ultimately unsuccessful effort in 1884 to have the New York State legislature authorize the Town of Pelham to issue bonds to fund the replacement of the old wooden City Island Bridge built in 1868 by David Carll with a new wooden bridge.  See Wed., Jul. 20, 2016:  Bill Introduced in 1884 to Authorize the Town of Pelham To Build a New City Island Bridge.  Further research has revealed that the story behind this ultimately unsuccessful effort to replace the old wooden bridge with a new one is more complex and more interesting than first thought.  Indeed, it represents yet another example of a 19th century battle between mainlanders and islanders.  

It turns out that the introduction on March 6, 1884 of a bill entitled "An act to authorize the contstruction of a bridge in the town of Pelham, Westchester county, between the mainland of said town and City island, and to authorize the acquiring of land therefor, and the issuing of bonds of the said town to pay for said bridge" was a direct response to a pair of lawsuits brought on behalf of the mainlanders to halt appropriations for the new bridge.

A brief newspaper reference published on March 7, 1884, the day after the bill was introduced, indicates that for months a Pelham mainlander had been engaged in lawsuits to stop the Town of Pelham from appropriating funds to build a new wooden replacement bridge.  Indeed, Pelham Manor resident (and mainlander) George H. Reynolds initially brought two lawsuits.  The first was brought against Town Supervisor James Hyatt (an islander).  Reynolds filed a related action against the Board of Supervisors of Westchester County.

Plaintiff Reynolds sought relief to block Town of Pelham appropriations of $25,000 for a new City Island Bridge and $1,750 "for road purposes."  Initially, on December 12, 1883, the New York Supreme Court entered an order against Reynolds and in favor of Town Supervisor James Hyatt in the first action.  Although the record is a little vague, it appears that on March 1, 1884, the New York Supreme Court entered final judgments in the two lawsuits granting mainlander Reynolds the relief he demanded.  Consequently, "[t]he appropriations of $25,000 for a new bridge at City Island and $1,750 for road purposes are annulled by these judgments."  

George Huntington Reynolds was a nationally-renowned steam engineer and inventor known for designing the steam engine for the now-famous USS Monitor that fought in the first battle of the ironclads during the American Civil War.  Reynolds lived with his family in Pelham Manor for many years.  He was an active member of the Pelham Manor Protective Club and served as President of the local school board for eight years.  He built a palatial home in the Manor that no longer stands.  He was one of the nation's preeminent mechanical engineers and was involved in many projects that are stories in and of themselves.  Late in life he moved to Connecticut, but various of his children and grandchildren remained in Pelham and surrounding areas for many years.

George Huntington Reynolds in Photograph Published in 1903.

Source: Commemorative Biographical Record of Tolland and

Windham Counties Connecticut Containing Biographical Sketches

Of Prominent and Representative Citizens And Of Many Of The

Early Settled Families -- Illustrated, plate between pp. 188-89

(Chicago, IL: J. H. Beers & Co., 1903). NOTE: Click on Image

To Enlarge.

In short, it seems that in 1883 and 1884, City Island resident and Town Supervisor James Hyatt led an initiative on behalf of City Islanders to fund replacement of the old wooden City Island Bridge by spreading the cost of the bridge replacement across all Pelham taxpayers.  Thus, the Town Board appropriated $25,000 to build the new wooden bridge.  Mainlander George Huntington Reynolds, in turn, opposed that initiative and successfully sued to block the town appropriations to fund replacement of the old bridge and to fund certain unspecified road work.  Shortly after final judgments were entered in favor of Reynolds in his two lawsuits against the Town Supervisor and the Westchester County Board of Supervisors, it would appear that the islanders initiated the legislative effort to authorize the Town of Pelham to issue bonds to fund replacement of the bridge about which I previously have written.  

Undated Photograph of the Old City Island Bridge

Built by David Carll. NOTE: Click on Image to Enlarge.

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Below is the text of a newspaper article referencing the lawsuits brought by George H. Reynolds.  It is followed by a citation and link to its source. 

"PELHAM AND CITY ISLAND.

The women have occupied the time of the justices' courts this week.  Verdict, no cause of action.  

It is reported that Mr. Wm. Belden has obtained a charter to build a horse railroad between City Island and Bartow.

Two weeks ago, Mr. James H. Weaver started off on a trip for the benefit of his health, the objective point being California.  On Monday last, he was heard from in Mexico.

Considerable anxiety is manifested on City Island, as to the whereabouts of Pilot Geo. W. Scofield.  He passed Bartlet Reef light, last Friday morning, at nine o'clock, in charge of a vessel, since which time nothing has been heard of him.

Mr. and Mrs. George Banta celebrated their twentieth wedding anniversary, on Monday evening last.  On the same evening, Dr. M. Cromen celebrated the anniversary of his birthday.  Scores of friends aided in making both events pleasurable.

At the sale of lots held on Friday last, by Messrs. Jenkins & Cameron, the purchasers were, John Bowman, two lots; Thomas Collins, one lot; Jacob Brady, one lot; Geo. Booth, two lots; M. Mulligan, two lots.  One lot was knocked down to Joseph May.  [Illegible] will be resold to-day.  

On the 12th of December last a judgment was rendered by the Supreme Court in favor of James Hyatt, Supervisor, the defendant in the action brought by George H. Reynolds against him.  On Saturday last the plaintiff's attorney entered an order reversing this judgment and giving judgment for the plaintiff.  Another order was also entered in the suit of Reynolds against the Board of Supervisors of Westchester County, being final judgment for him for the relief demanded in the complaint.  The appropriations of $25,000 for a new bridge at City Island and $1,750 for road purposes are annulled by these judgments.

The Commissioners of Highways of the Town of Pelham, have given notice that they will apply at the annual town meeting for a vote authorizing the raising of  $5,735, for the purpose of repairing roads and bridges, to be expended as follows:

Repairing culverts Pelhamdale avenue near Boston Turnpike.....$25.00
Repairing culverts, Washington avenue near Union street.....25.00
Pelham lane, repairing and grading.....50.00
Pelham road [repairing and grading].....50.00
Boston turnpike [repairing and grading].....100.00
Pelhamdale ave., bal. due for repairing.....58.00
Wolf's lane [bal. due for repairing].....85.00
Old Boston road [bal. due for repairing].....75.00
Fifth avenue [bal. due for repairing].....67.00
Fourth street [bal. due for repairing].....65.00
City Island road [bal. due for repairing].....135.00
Culvert, City Island road [bal. due for repairing].....15.00
Shore road, balance due for repairing.....96.00
Pelham lane [balance due for repairing].....125.00
Culvert Pelham lane [balance due for repairing].....10.00
Boston turnpike [balance due for repairing].....125.00
Main street [balance due for repairing].....255.00
Culvert, Fordham ave, west of Main st. balance due for repairing.....50.00
Planking City Island bridge, bal. due.....65.00
Main street, repairing and grading.....280.00
Fordham ave., west of Main street, repairing and grading.....100.00
City Island road, repairing and grading.....300.00
Wolf's lane [repairing and grading].....100.00
Old Boston Road [repairing and grading].....50.00
First avenue, [repairing and grading].....30.00
Second do [i.e., ditto] [repairing and grading].....20.00
Fourth do [repairing and grading].....35.00
Sixth do [repairing and grading].....50.00
Seventh do [repairing and grading].....50.00
Second street [repairing and grading].....20.00
Third do [repairing and grading].....25.00
Pelhamdale ave., [repairing and grading].....90.00
Repairing culverts, Pelhamdale avenue near Old Boston road.....40.00
Bluestoning Pelhamdale ave. and Wolfs lane, south of Pelhamville depot,.....1000.00
Bluestoning City Island road, between Shore road and City Island bridge.....1000.00
Main st., between Ditmars and Cross streets, raising grade.....1000.00

Whether all these repairs are necessary or not we do not pretend to say.  The Commissioners of Highways doubtless think they are else they would not ask for the money, but if there is one appropriation that should be granted more than another it is certainly that one for repairing and grading City Island road and the one for bluestoning that portion of the road from City Island bridge to Marshals corner.  This piece of road has been for weeks past, literally in an impassable condition and no one could be more deeply impressed with the necessity of repairing it than the writer.  From the nature of this piece of road it would be a useless expenditure of money to attempt to repair it, by the method ordinarily employed, of putting clay or sand upon it."

Source:  PELHAM AND CITY ISLAND, The Chronicle [Mount Vernon, NY], Mar. 7, 1884, Vol. XV, No. 755, p. 3, cols. 4-5.  

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Bill Introduced in 1884 to Authorize the Town of Pelham To Build a New City Island Bridge

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New York City has constructed a temporary bridge adjacent to the old City Island Bridge that opened July 4, 1901.  It took almost three years to build and cost $200,000.  The city's Department of Transportation is in the midst of demolishing the old City Island Bridge and constructing a new bridge to replace it after years of controversy over the original proposed design for a soaring, 18-story cable bridge intended to evoke a massive sail.  The new City Island Bridge that will be constructed follows a simple causeway design more in keeping with the character and nature of the island.

Rendering of the Proposed City Island Causeway Bridge

To Be Built as Replacement for the Old City Island Bridge

Opened in 1901.  NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

The history of the ferries and bridges that have connected City Island to the mainland for nearly two hundred fifty years is long and storied.  Part of that history involves the bridge built in 1901 that replaced an earlier bridge built by David Carll of City Island in 1868.  

By the mid-1880s, that old City Island Bridge completed in 1868 had become a decrepit, dangerous, and dilapidated eyesore.  The bridge originally was built from the timbers of an ancient decommissioned ship known as the North Carolina, cobbled together with a draw that was taken from the old Harlem Bridge when that bridge was replaced.   As one account put it so succinctly, even when newly-built in 1868, the City Island bridge was "nothing but a second hand affair." 

Interestingly, in 1884 there was an effort to authorize the Town of Pelham to issue bonds to fund the replacement of the old wooden bridge with another wooden bridge.  It appears that with New York City assembling parkland on the mainland with plans to form Pelham Bay Park at the time, the initiative withered on the vine.  The iniative, however, provides an interesting glimpse of the importance of the City Island Bridge to the Town of Pelham at the time, as well as the process that would have been followed had the wooden replacement bridge become a reality.  

On March 6, 1884, a member of the New York State Assembly, S. W. Johnson, introduced a bill entitled "An act to authorize the contstruction of a bridge in the town of Pelham, Westchester county, between the mainland of said town and City island, and to authorize the acquiring of land therefor, and the issuing of bonds of the said town to pay for said bridge."  By unanimous consent, the bill was read a first and then a second time.  It immediately was referred to the Committee on Roads and Bridges for analysis.

That month, the full text of the bill was reproduced in a local newspaper.  That text is reproduced in its entirety below.  The bill authorized the Town Board of Pelham to issue up to $20,000 in bonds paying up to 5% interest per annum to fund the construction of a wooden draw bridge to replace the old City Island Bridge built by David Carll.  The bill further authorized the Town Board to buy land on the mainland and on City Island necessary for the bridge and, in the event owners would not sell such land, then the Town could buy such land "in the same manner and by like proceedings, as railroad corporations are authorized by law to acquire land in cases in which they are unable to agree with the owners."  

The bill further would require that the bridge be a public bridge with no tolls charged.  The bill further provided a detailed process for reporting by the Town of Pelham on the status of repayment of such bonds to retire the debt.

It was not until after the City of New York annexed the region from Pelham in 1895, that efforts to replace the old wooden City Island Bridge gained traction.  The city began construction in 1898, opening the new bridge (that is now being demolished) on July 4, 1908.

Undated Photograph of the Old City Island Bridge Built

by David Carll.  NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

Undated Photograph of the Old City Island Bridge Built

by David Carll.  NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

Undated Post Card View of the Steel City Island Bridge Opened

in 1901, Circa 1920s.  NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

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"AN ACT

To authorize the construction of a bridge in the town of Pelham, Westchester Co., between the mainland of said town and City Island, and to authorize the acquiring of land therefore, and the issuing of bonds of the said town to pay for said bridge.

The people of the State of New York represesented in Senate and Assembly do enact as follows:

Section 1.  The Town Board of the town of Pelham, in the county of Westchester, is hereby authorized and empowered to construct, or cause to be constructed, a wooden draw-bridge, at a cost not exceeding twenty thousand dollars, across and over that branch or arm of Long Island Sound at the narrows, so called, between the mainland of said town and the Island known as City Island, also in said town of Pelham :  Said bridge to comence, at or near the place on the mainland aforesaid where the present bridge begins, and to extend across said branch or arm of Long Island Sound to the place or near the place on City Island where the present bridge terminates.  The said Town Board is hereby further authorized, for and on behalf of, and in the name of said town, to take and hold, in the manner hereinafter mentioned, so much land, at or near each end of the said bridge, as may be necessary for the erection of the said bridge and the piers, abutments, and other appurtenances thereof, and for all necessary approaches leading to and from the same.  The said bridge shall be constructed with a draw, to open at least forty feet, so as to permit vessels with standing masts to pass through the same.

Section 2.  It shall be lawful for the said Town Board, for and in behalf, of the said town to purchase such land, at and near each end of the bridge at the mainland and on City Island, as may be necessary for the purposes of said bridge, and to enter upon and take possession of the same.  Such land to be purchased of the owners thereof at a price mutually to be agreed upon; and if, for any reason, the said board are unable to agree with the owner or owners for the purchase of any real estate so required for the purposes of said bridge, the said Town Board shall have the right to acquire such real estate for, and in the name of, the town, in the same manner and by like proceedings, as railroad corporations are authorized by law to acquire land in cases in which they are unable to agree with the owners of the same.  The said board is also hereby authorized, for and in behalf of the said town, to use and occupy so much of the bed of the stream of the said sound, and the land between high and low water mark, as may be necessary for the purposes of said bridge and the piers, abutments and appurtenances are to be so constructed and used as not to hinder or delay navigation.

Section 3.  Such bridge when erected, shall always be a free bridge for the use of the public, and all vessels shall have the right to pass through the draw thereof without toll.

Section 4.  The construction of said bridge shall be under the management and control of the said Town Board of the town of Pelham, or of a committee appointed thereby, who shall receive no compensation for such supervision, management and control as aforesaid.

Section 5.  The supervisor of the said town of Pelham, by and with the consent of the town board, or of a majority of the members thereof, is hereby authorized and empowered to borrow, upon the credit of said town, the sum of twenty thousand dollars to pay for the construction of such bridge, the drawing of plans and specifications therefor and other necessary incidental expenses, and to secure the sum so borrowed and the interest thereon, the said supervisor is hereby authorized and empowered to issue coupon bonds, by and with the consent of the said town board, as hereinbefore provided, in the manner and to the amount hereinafter provided.

Section 6.  The said bonds shall be signed by the Supervisor and the Town Clerk of said town, and issued for an amount not less than two hundred and fifty dollars each, and not more than one thousand dollars each :  the sum of two thousand dollars only, of the money so borrowed, as hereby authorized, shall become due and payable on the first day of May in each year.  A record of all bonds, so issued, shall be kept by the Town Clerk, of said town, in a book to be kept by him for that purpose; showing the date and amount of each bond, when the same becomes due and payable; the amount of principal and interest paid and remaining unpaid, and all particulars in relation to the issue, sale and redemption thereof.

Section 7.  Said bonds shall bear interest at a rate not exceeding five per cent. per annum, payable annually, and shall be sold for not less than their par value; and the premium, if any, which may be received thereon, shall be applied in payment of the interest first becoming due thereon, and the amount of such premiums shall be deducted from the sum authorized to be levied and collected, as provided in the ninth section of this act.

Section 8.  The supervisor of the said town shall at the time of making his annual accounting, as provided by law, make a full and true report of all bonds so issued and outstanding and unpaid, the number date and amount thereof, and the amount of interest paid during the year :  for all of which payments of bonds and interest the proper vouchers must be presented with said report, and said report shall be entered in full by the said town clerk in the book to be kept by him for that purpose.

Section 9.  During each and every year, while any of said bonds remain unpaid, it shall be the duty of the Board of Supervisors of the County of Westchester to cause to be levied and collected, according to law, from the taxable property and inhabitants of the town of Pelham, over and above the expenses of collecting the same, and at the same time and in the same manner in which the taxes of said town for other town purposes shall be levied and collected, such sums as will be sufficient to pay the amount of interest, due or becoming due in any one year, on said bonds; together with and in addition to an amount not exceeding two thousand dollars in any one year, to pay the principal of such of the bonds as may become due and payable during the year; the amount so levied and collected, as provided in this section, shall be in addition to the other sums authorized or required by law to be annually levied and collected, as provided in this section, shall be in addition to the other sums authorized or required by law to be annually levied and collected from the taxable property and inhabitants of said town.

Section 10.  All acts or parts of acts inconsisent with the foregoing act are hereby repealed.

Section 11.  This act shall take effect immediately."

Source:  AN ACT, The Chronicle [Mount Vernon, NY], Mar. 28, 1884, Vol. XV, No. 758, p. 1, cols. 4-5.

"THURSDAY, MARCH 6, 1884.

The House met pursuant to adjournment. . . . 

By unanimous consent,

Mr. S. W. Johnson introduced a bill entitled 'An act to authorize the contstruction of a bridge in the town of Pelham, Westchester county, between the mainland of said town and City island, and to authorize the acquiring of land therefor, and the issuing of bonds of the said town to pay for said bridge,' which was read the first time, and by unanimous consent was also read the second time, and referred to to committee on roads and bridges."

Source:  Journal of the Assembly of the State of New York:  At Their One Hundred And Seventh Session Begun and Held at the Capitol, in the City of Albany, on the First Day of January, 1884, p. 423 (Albany, NY:  Weed, Parsons & Co., 1884).  

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To learn more about the City Island Bridge, early efforts to develop a bridge from the mainland to City Island and about Benjamin Palmer, Samuel Rodman, and others involved in efforts to build such a bridge, see the following.   

Wed., May 06, 2015:  Another Interesting History of City Island Published in 1901.

Fri., Mar. 13, 2015:  An Important History of the City Island Bridge Built in 1868 and the Way Brothers' Ferry That Preceded It.

Mon., Dec. 15, 2014:  Brief History of City Island Including the Legend of the Macedonia Hotel with Photographs Published in 1906.

Thu., Dec. 04, 2014:  Park Department Commissioners Condemned -- But Didn't Close -- the "Dilapidated" City Island Bridge in 1894.

Tue., Oct. 07, 2014:  Legislative History of the 1775 Statute Authorizing Construction of City Island Bridge.

Fri., Oct. 03, 2014:  1775 Statute Authorizing Construction of City Island Bridge.

Tue., Jul. 22, 2014:  Stories of City Island Bridge Published in 1892.

Wed., May 28, 2014:  Description of City Island in the Town of Pelham Published in 1868.

Wed., Mar. 10, 2010:  1899 Article About City Island's New Bridge Describes History of Area and Includes Wonderful Images.

Wed., Dec. 05, 2007:  Photograph of the Old Wooden City Island Bridge.

Tue., Dec. 26, 2006:  1775 Statute Authorizing Samuel Rodman and Benjamin Palmer to Build City Island Drawbridge.  

Tue., May 02, 2006:  Benjamin Palmer's Advertisement in 1756 To Raise Subscriptions To Fund a Free Bridge From Manhattan.

Wed., May 17, 2006:  More About Benjamin Palmer's Involvement With Raising Funds for a Free Bridge from Manhattan. 

Fri., May 05, 2006:  1763 Announcement That City Island in the Manor of Pelham Has Been Laid Out in Lots for Sale.

Mon., May 15, 2006:  Resales of Lots in the 1760s on the Island Known Today as City Island.

Thu., Apr. 19, 2007:  An Account of How Soldiers Were "Recruited" in Pelham in 1758 for the French and Indian War.  

Mon., Jan. 29, 2007:  Palmer Family Offers One Thirtieth of City Island for Sale in 1785.

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