When Were the First Municipal Street Lights Installed in North Pelham?
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In early 1896, the citizens of the area we know today as Pelham Heights stole a march on the rest of Pelhamville and were able to have their neighborhood incorporated as the first village in the section known as Pelhamville. Worse yet, to the consternation of the vast majority of Pelhamville residents, Pelham Heights incorporated using the name "Village of Pelham." See Mon., Mar. 28, 2016: Pelham Heights Really Pulled a Fast One on Pelhamville in 1896 -- Again!
The remainder of Pelhamville kicked into high gear and promptly arranged a vote to incorporate as the "Village of North Pelham." That vote, as well as an election to designate the first village officials, was held on August 25, 1896. See Mon., Oct. 27, 2014: Pelhamville Votes to Incorporate as the Village of North Pelham in 1896.
The proposal to incorporate passed by the slimmest of margins. It passed by only two votes out of the 132 votes cast. In addition, Pelhamville voters elected local grocer Jacob Heisser as the first President of the Village (the position now known as Mayor of the Village).
One of the very first official acts -- if not the first official act -- of the new Heisser administration in the new Village of North Pelham was to install municipal street lamps along village roads that were not yet even paved.
The settlements of Pelham Manor and Pelhamville, before the incorporation of any villages, had improvement associations funded by local private dues. Both improvement associations hung kerosene lanterns in strategic locations in the settlements during the 1880s. Pelham Manor residents hired a lamp lighter who wandered about and lit the lamps at dusk, then extinguished them late in the evening. Pelhamville, however, handled the matter differently. It placed lanterns in places where at least two families resided nearby and agreed to fill, light, and maintain the lanterns. In both settlements the lanterns, however, were few and far between and did little to light the way of Pelham travelers.
On August 27, 1896, only two days after the vote to incorporate and the associated election, the new Village of North Pelham began the installation of new open-flame municipal street lamps. The village installed 71 so-called "naphtha flare" street lamps.
During the 1890s, Naphtha lamps were becoming popular and were being installed as street lamps across the region. Communities such as Jamaica, Queens were installing the lamps a hundred or so at a time. The new Village of North Pelham adopted the trend.
Naphtha is a colorless petroleum distillate that, typically, is an intermediate product between gasoline and benzine. It is highly volatile and can be used as a solvent, a fuel, and the like. Although research, so far, has revealed no record of the source of the naphtha used by North Pelham in its street lights, one source was its creation as a by-product when gas is produced from coal. Gas was produced near Pelham and used in the new Village of North Pelham at the time.
There were a host of different types of naphtha flare lamps. The precise model installed on the streets of the new Village of North Pelham on August 27, 1896 is, at least for now, lost to history. There are common characteristics of such lamps, however, that provide a sense of what the first street lights in North Pelham were like.
Typically, naphtha flare lamps were gravity fed and had no wicks. The liquid fuel fed from a small tank through a tube with a tap to a preheated burner. When the tap was opened, the liquid fed to the burner where it evaporated. The evaporating gas would light and burn as an open flame.
Preheating the burner of the lamp so that the liquid fuel would begin to evaporate for ignition typically was a difficult task. Depending on the model of the lamp, there could be a small metallic cup beneath the burner to hold a small fuel that could be ignited and burner beneath the burner for a time to preheat it until it grew hot enough to evaporate the liquid naphtha allowed to drip to the burner.
Naphtha flare lamps were notoriously hazardous. There are many news accounts during the 1890s describing explosions of such lamps when the fuel tanks became overheated or were ignited in some fashion. Additionally, if the flame of such a lamp was blown out by the wind, for example, the liquid would continue to drip from the tank and collect as a puddle below before evaporating. That puddle, of course, could ignite as well.
The lamps came with varying-sized fuel tanks. Of course, larger tanks when full, would light longer than those with smaller tanks. Some of the more common models could burn for as long as seven hours.
Nevertheless, the need for street lights in the growing Village of North Pelham was undeniable in the latter half of 1896. Despite the risk, the new village purchased and installed 71 of the lamps. Progress continued its inevitable march through Pelham.
1905 Newspaper Advertisement for One Type of Naphtha Flare Lamp,
a Wells Lamp Known, Colloquially, as the Hydra Head. NOTE:
Click on Image to Enlarge.
Example of a Wells No. 14 Naphtha Flare Lamp Lit.
NOTE: Click on Image to Enlarge.
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Below is the text of a newspaper article on which today's Historic Pelham article is based. The text is followed by a citation and link to its source.
"THE OLD DAYS
Back In 1896
Ran across a small bundle of the Pelham Press for the last six months of 1896. In opening one a circular advertising a New York City evening paper fell out. Before a law was passed making it a misdemeanor to insert circulars in newspapers without authority, it was the custom of chiseling merchants to have cheap circulars printed advertising their wares and for a nominal sum the newsdealer would insert one in Each paper sold or delivered. Some big New York merchants had whole sections resembling a newspaper printed and many readers thought it was actually a section of the paper they bought. Rival newspapers would print a circular criticising their opponent and have the newsdealer insert one in every one of the rival's papers.
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It Was Pelhamville Then
The edition of Wednesday, August 25 says 'Next Saturday is election and every respecting resident of Pelhamville should vote for the incorporation of the place as a village to be known as North Pelham. It will bring modern improvements.'
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No Free Rides
Also in the same edition: 'Constable Paul Sparks was arrested in Mount Vernon last week for riding on a car without paying his fare. He thought his badge was a pass but the conductor thought different. The case came up before Judge William H. Bard who discharged him.
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Interesting Note
In the same issue we are told 'Today is the 84th birthday anniversary of Mrs. Henry Ward Beecher. She was for many years famous chiefly as the wife of America's great orator-clergyman. Of late years, however, she has won for herself a modicum of literary reputation as a writer on household articles.'
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Railroad Burglars in 1896
From the Sept. 1st: 'Div. Sup. Shepard of the New Haven road telegraphed Saturday night that a gang of burglars were coming down the tracks. Constables E. L. Lyon, Bruce T. Dick and R. H. Marks stayed in the station all night but the burglars did not show up. They did try to break into the Rye station but were fired on by the constables there.'
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Garden Work Fatal
From the same copy: 'George J. Pearson, aged 76, one of the oldest residents of Pelham, was stricken with paralysis while working in his garden last Wednesday and died Sunday. The funeral was held yesterday.
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Who Remembers the Postmistress
Also: 'Miss Madge Collins, sister of Mrs. Katherine I. Merritt the local postmistress, and George Edward Meyers of Mount Vernon, were married last Thursday in Newark, N. J. They came immediately to North Pelham to the home of the bride's sister, Mrs. A. B. Beckwith of Third avenue where a reception was held.'
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And Then Came The Light
'Incorporation' won and Jacob Heisser, the grocer, was elected first village president. It will be a short term as all regular village elections will take place in March. Two days after the election seventy-one street lamps were installed. Each had a naphtha tank on top holding sufficient fuel to keep the light going all night.
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The Voice in the Presses
The August 26th copy has a two column illustrated article on the last page telling of the new 'Marvel of the Age,' 'The Linotype eclipses all modern inventions' and tells of the revolution in the art of type setting."
Source: THE OLD DAYS, The Pelham Sun, Jun. 26, 1942, Vol. 32, No. 12, p. 8, cols. 4-6.
Labels: 1896, Election, Incorporation, Jacob Heiser, Naphtha, Naphtha Flare Lamp, Pelhamville, street lamps, Street Lights, Unincorporated Section, Village of North Pelham
posted by Blake A. Bell @ 4:40 AM
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