Historic Pelham

Presenting the rich history of Pelham, NY in Westchester County: current historical research, descriptions of how to research Pelham history online and genealogy discussions of Pelham families.

Monday, October 09, 2017

City of Mount Vernon Proposed Annexation of Pelham and Surrounding Towns in 1909


It was as if a bomb had exploded in the very center of the Town of Pelham.  Pelhamites who did not have a newspaper of their own at the time opened their copies of The Daily Argus of Mount Vernon the morning of March 17, 1909.  The lead headline on the front page blared "MAYOR RECOMMENDS ANNEXATION OF NEARBY TOWNS -- NEW GOVERNING SYSTEM -- Proposes Legislation for Referendum Vote on Consolidating the Pelhams, Tuckahoe, and Bronxville with The City."  For the second time in less than twenty years, the Town of Pelham faced a threat of annexation by a nearby city, this time the City of Mount Vernon.

The evening before, the Mayor of the City of Mount Vernon, Benjamin Howe, announced to the Common Council of Mount Vernon that he supported annexation of the adjacent Towns of Pelham and Eastchester, including all villages within those towns.  The statement read in full as follows:

THE MAYOR'S MESSAGE ON ANNEXATION
-----
To the Honorable Common Council of the City of Mount Vernon, N. Y.
March 16, 1909.

Gentlemen:  Considerable sentiment seems to exist in our city and in the towns of Eastchester and Pelham which include the villages therein, in favor of the annexation of said municipalities to the city of Mount Vernon.  I believe such annexation would result in reciprocal advantages to the people of these different place.

I would therefore recommend to you for consideration the advisability of appropriate legislation for a referendum vote providing for the annexation of the towns of Eastchester and Pelham which include the villages therein, to the city of Mount Vernon, provided the people of said municipalities are in favor of such action.

I would suggest the calling of a conference of a number of representative citizens of said towns and our city, to consider this proposition for the purpose of determining what further action, if any, should be taken in respect thereto.

Respectfully submitted,

BENJAMIN HOWE, Mayor."

What was this all about?

Only fifteen years before, of course, New York City had annexed much of the Town of Pelham.  No one in the region thereafter believed that the behemoth could each just one.  All looked anxiously to the south wondering when -- not if -- New York City would decide to gobble up more of lower Westchester County (if not most of the county).

The Mayor of the City of Mount Vernon was one of those who looked anxiously toward New York City fearing that his own city would be next.  He hoped that annexing surrounding communities including the Towns of Pelham and Eastchester would make the enlarged City of Mount Vernon a more formidable opponent during any battle over annexation.

The Daily Argus, published in Mount Vernon, reported that "consolidation is the logical and natural situation that is bound to come to pass in time.  It would mean a compact city covering the territory between Scarsdale on the north, New Rochelle and the Sound on the east, New York on the south and Yonkers on the west."

This was not the first time -- nor would it be the last -- that communities near New York City considered annexation or consolidation as a defensive maneuver against New York City and its gluttonous appetite for annexation.  Indeed, recently I wrote about proposals during the 1920s to consolidate the three villages of the Pelhams as a bid to block possible annexation by New York City or possible inclusion within a super-municipality of Westchester (intended, itself, to block New York City from annexing Westchester County).  See Mon., May 29, 2017:  Debates Over Consolidating Pelham's Three Villages in 1923; Wed., Jul. 29, 2015:  The Three Villages of Pelham Embraced the Notion of Consolidation in 1923 as a Defensive Measure.  I also have written before about New York City's efforts to annex all, or a large portion, of the Town of Pelham during the last few decades of the 19th century.  For a few examples, see: 

Fri., Mar. 18, 2016:  1894 City Island Newspaper Editorial Addressing Annexation by New York City.

Tue., Mar. 15, 2016:  More on New York City's Plans to Annex Pelham and Lower Westchester County in 1870

Fri., Jan. 29, 2016:  Did Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall Have Designs on Pelham and Plans to Annex It to New York City in 1870? 

Wed., Jan. 16, 2008:  Plans To Annex Pelham and Make It Part of New York City in 1870. 

Thu., May 10, 2007:  Report That Pelham Favored Annexation of Much of Westchester County by New York City in 1870

Wed., Apr. 6, 2005:  A Behemoth Looks to the Suburbs: Talk of New York City Annexing Pelham As Early As 1870.

For weeks after Mayor Howe's March 9, 1909 annexation announcement, the Mayor told the local newspaper that he was working to coordinate a "conference" among officials and citizens of the nearby towns and villages that would be affected by the proposal.  Indeed, as one might expect, by late March it was clear that the matter was not as clear as the Mayor of Mount Vernon suggested.  Citizens of the Pelhams and Eastchester looked at the proposal with suspicion.  When questioned by the local newspaper, most expressed a "wait-and-see attitude" suggesting that they could see little of benefit for their respective communities if they were to submit to annexation.

In contrast, all in Mount Vernon seemed to support annexation.  The matter was discussed and debated in local meetings with near unanimous support for the proposal.  

It did not take long, however, to understand that the surrounding Towns and Villages had no desire for annexation.  With no imminent threat from New York City or elsewhere, there was nearly a universal lack of support for the trial balloon floated by the Mount Vernon Mayor.  Indeed, within months the proposal was dead.  

Mount Vernon was not happy.  In an editorial published in The Daily Argus, the editorial staff of the newspaper huffed:

"HAS NORTH PELHAM A GROUCH?
-----

It looks as if some of the officials of North Pelham have a grouch against Mount Vernon.  Why, we do not know, unless it is characteristic of the smaller place to resent any idea of mingling municipally with the larger town.  Sometimes this feeling, most always we are inclined to say, operates against the smaller town, their advantages not being increased thereby.  Of course the larger place has no resentment and harbors no ill feeling.

We observed this resentment of Pelham on two occasions.  Once when a proposition was made to discuss consolidating (not annexation) the Pelhams with Mount Vernon.  Ooh, the Pelhams wouldn't hear of such a thing, and we almost thought we were plebeians from the faces they made at us.  Then again, when Pelham went into the New York city postal system, it was suggested that they join with Mount Vernon.  Nothing to it at all, was the answer sent back, and from what some of the brethren have said since, we wonder if they have not regretted it just a tiny bit.

But that's neither here nor there.  Pelham officials shouldn't nurse grouches against their big neighbor.  Life is too short for one thing and then there is more fun in being friendly."

Yet another effort to annex Pelham had withered on the vine and died. Pelham would retain its independence, as stubborn and proud as ever before!



1950 Map of the Town of Pelham Showing the Town Bounded
by the City of New York, the City of Mount Vernon and the City of
New Rochelle. NOTE: Click on Image to Enlarge.

*          *          *          *          *

"MAYOR RECOMMENDS ANNEXATION OF NEARBY TOWNS -- NEW GOVERNING SYSTEM
-----
Proposes Legislation for Referendum Vote on Consolidating the Pelhams, Tuckahoe, and Bronxville with The City
-----
Plan of Commissions to Take Over Municipal Affairs of Mount Vernon -- Other Important Business at Last Nights' Council Meeting
-----

Projects of large importance to the city were considered by the common council in a two-hour session last night.  Mayor Howe sent two messages to the board.  One recommends consideration of the annexation by Mount Vernon of the towns of Eastchester and Pelham and the villages contained in them; the other recommends an investigation of the adaptability to Mount Vernon of the system of city government by commission.

A message recommending the consideration of legislation for a referendum vote providing for the annexation to the city of the towns of Eastchester and Pelham, and the villages contained in them was submitted by the mayor to the board of aldermen at its meeting last night.  In the communication the chief executive recited that the annexation would, in his opinion, result in reciprocal advantages to the several places, and declared that considerable sentiment for the proposed consolidation seems to exist.  He suggested the calling of a conference of a number of representative citizens of this city and the towns to consider the project, and after the message was heard, Alderman Zimmermann offered a resolution, which was passed by a unanimous vote, directing the mayor to call such a conference before the next meeting of the council.  The message of the mayor appears in another column.  

The villages included in the two towns are:  In Eastchester -- Bronxville and Tuckahoe; in Pelham -- North Pelham, Pelham and Pelham Manor.

Another message from the chief executive to the council dealt with the question of city government by commission.  In it the mayor recommended that the question of city government by commission.  In it the mayor recommended that the question of its adaptability to Mount Vernon be referred to the aldermanic committee on legislation, with authority to retain counsel, provided this can be done without expense to the city, and that the counsel and city clerk be instructed to gather all available information on the subject and present it to the committee.  Such a resolution, directing a report 'at the earliest possible moment,' was offered by Alderman Waterman and passed unanimously.  This message will also be found elsewhere. . . .

THE MAYOR'S MESSAGE ON ANNEXATION
-----
To the Honorable Common Council of the City of Mount Vernon, N. Y.
March 16, 1909.

Gentlemen:  Considerable sentiment seems to exist in our city and in the towns of Eastchester and Pelham which include the villages therein, in favor of the annexation of said municipalities to the city of Mount Vernon.  I believe such annexation would result in reciprocal advantages to the people of these different place.

I would therefore recommend to you for consideration the advisability of appropriate legislation for a referendum vote providing for the annexation of the towns of Eastchester and Pelham which include the villages therein, to the city of Mount Vernon, provided the people of said municipalities are in favor of such action.

I would suggest the calling of a conference of a number of representative citizens of said towns and our city, to consider this proposition for the purpose of determining what further action, if any, should be taken in respect thereto.

Respectfully submitted,

BENJAMIN HOWE, Mayor."

Source:  MAYOR RECOMMENDS ANNEXATION OF NEARBY TOWNS -- NEW GOVERNING SYSTEM -- Proposes Legislation for Referendum Vote on Consolidating the Pelhams, Tuckahoe, and Bronxville with The City -- Plan of Commissions to Take Over Municipal Affairs of Mount Vernon -- Other Important Business at Last Nights' Council Meeting, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Mar. 17, 1909, Whole No. 5180 p. 1, cols. 6-7.  

"FAVOR ANNEXATION OF NEARBY TOWNS.
-----
Mount Vernonites of Opinion That When Proposition Is Better Understood All Opposition Will Disappear.
-----

Few questions ever submitted by a chief executive of Mount Vernon to the aldermanic board, have assumed the importance in the minds of the people of the municipality and elicited as general discussion throughout the city as that of the annexation of Bronxville, Tuckahoe and the Pelhams, submitted to the common council by Mayor Howe on Tuesday night.  

Both in official and private circles, discussion heard in the city indicates that the project is a popular one in Mount Vernon.

In the proposition, Mount Vernonites whose opinions have been heard, see the greatest importance and discern substantial benefits both to this city and the villages of the two neighboring towns.

Those who anticipate possible opposition at first from some citizens in the villages, declare that this will disappear as the proposition is better understood and its details are worked out.  They state that the villages will not lose their identity and that they will gain a great deal by the consolidation which they would not be able to during existence as separate municipalities.

It is argued by local citizens that the consolidation is the logical and natural situation that is bound to come to pass in time.  It would mean a compact city covering the territory between Scarsdale on the north, New Rochelle and the Sound on the east, New York on the south and Yonkers on the west.

Mayor Howe stated this morning that he was planning to get in communication soon with representative citizens of the villages relative to a conference over the project."

Source:  FAVOR ANNEXATION OF NEARBY TOWNS -- Mount Vernonites of Opinion That When Proposition Is Better Understood All Opposition Will Disappear, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Mar. 18, 1909, Whole No. 5881, p. 1, col. 6.

"EXPECTS TO HOLD THE CONFERENCE SOON ON ANNEXATION QUESTION
-----
Mayor Howe Has Been in Communication With Citizens of Nearby Towns
-----

The question of the consolidation of Mount Vernon and the towns of Eastchester and Pelham continues to be one of the principal topics in official and private circles in all the municipalities, and in this city especially, are heard many opinions favorable to the proposed arrangement.

A new argument advanced today in favor of the consolidation is that if the municipalities were united into one city they would be in an excellent position for future expansion movements of the metropolis.  If an attempt is made by New York to annex some of this section of Westchester, and such a movement is not favored here, the larger Mount Vernon could the more successfully thwart such a scheme; and, on the other hand, if such a scheme should meet with favor in this section, the greater Mount Vernon might advantageously constitute a new borough of the metropolis, which would be far preferable to merging with the borough of the Bronx.

Arrangements for a conference on the question of consolidation are being arranged by Mayor Howe.  He stated this morning that he had been in communication with a number of the residents of the villages with a view to setting a date.  He is to see more soon, and the announcement of the conference is expected to be forthcoming."

Source:  EXPECTS TO HOLD THE CONFERENCE SOON ON ANNEXATION QUESTION -Mayor Howe Has Been in Communication With Citizens of Nearby Towns, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Mar. 22, 1909, Whole No. 5884, p. 1, col. 2.  

"WORTH CONSIDERING.
-----
Citizens of Nearby Towns Discuss the Project of Consolidation With This City.
-----

That the question of annexing the towns of Eastchester and Pelham, as recommended in a message by Mayor Howe last week, is worth consideration, is the opinion of citizens of the town of Eastchester.

It is being found that many persons are not ready as yet to express their opinions.  They are saying something like this when interviewed:  'Let me think about this thing.  I don't know but very little about it. I would like to look into all sides of this question before I give you my opinion about it.'

The opinions of two men who perhaps express this sentiment in Bronxville and the town of Eastchester, outside of the incorporated village of Tuckahoe, were obtained yesterday by an Argus reporter.

Alfred E. Smith, a former assemblyman and former village counsel of Bronxville, said:  'I don't want to be quoted on this matter.  This is a question worth considering very carefully.'

Highway Commissioner Robert J. Bellew said:  'That is a matter which needs much consideration.  To what extent would the town of Eastchester be benefited?  Would our taxes be any lower than they are now?'"

Source:  WORTH CONSIDERING -- Citizens of Nearby Towns Discuss the Project of Consolidation With This City, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY]. Mar. 24, 1909, Whole No. 5886, p. 1, col. 2.  

"NO DATE AS YET.
-----
For Conference Over the Consolidating of Towns With This City.
-----

No date has been set yet for a conference between representatives of Mount Vernon, Bronxville, Tuckahoe and the Pelhams over the question of consolidation as recommended in the recent message of Mayor Howe to the common council.  Delay has been encountered because of the difficulty thus far in fixing upon a night on which all of those whom it is desired to have present can attend.  It is hoped by the chief executive that a date can be agreed upon soon and that a formal exchange of views on the matter may be obtained.

Meanwhile discussion of the question continues in all of the municipalities.  Expressions of opinion both for and against the proposition have been heard."

Source:  NO DATE AS YET -- For Conference Over the Consolidating of Towns With This City, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Apr. 15, 1909, Whole No. 5905, p. 1, col. 5.

"DISCUSSION HAD OF NEW CITY PROJECTS.
-----

An informal discussion took place last night at a meeting of the Plymouth Men's Club, at which the three topics which were considered were the board of trade movement, the government by commission project and the agitation for the consolidation of Eastchester and the Pelhams with Mount Vernon.

There was an interesting address on these questions by Mark D. Stiles, who expressed himself in favor of each.  He went into each in some detail, explaining their workings, and showing their advantages.  He also referred to what has been done in other places along the board of trade and government by commission lines.  

Mr. Stiles endorsed the plan of consolidation as a method of broadening out the city and enabling it to counter balance the reaching out tendency of New York.  After his remarks, there was a discussion during which questions were asked and answered, and in which many of the men present took part.

There was music during the evening by Charles A. Page, Thomas Wilkins and Mr. Humphrey."

Source:  DISCUSSION HAD OF NEW CITY PROJECTS, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Nov. 27, 1909, Whole No. 6094, p. 1, col. 2.  

"HAS NORTH PELHAM A GROUCH?
-----

It looks as if some of the officials of North Pelham have a grouch against Mount Vernon.  Why, we do not know, unless it is characteristic of the smaller place to resent any idea of mingling municipally with the larger town.  Sometimes this feeling, most always we are inclined to say, operates against the smaller town, their advantages not being increased thereby.  Of course the larger place has no resentment and harbors no ill feeling.

We observed this resentment of Pelham on two occasions.  Once when a proposition was made to discuss consolidating (not annexation) the Pelhams with Mount Vernon.  Ooh, the Pelhams wouldn't hear of such a thing, and we almost thought we were plebeians from the faces they made at us.  Then again, when Pelham went into the New York city postal system, it was suggested that they join with Mount Vernon.  Nothing to it at all, was the answer sent back, and from what some of the brethren have said since, we wonder if they have not regretted it just a tiny bit.

But that's neither here nor there.  Pelham officials shouldn't nurse grouches against their big neighbor.  Life is too short for one thing and then there is more fun in being friendly."

Source:    HAS NORTH PELHAM A GROUCH?, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Aug. 6, 1910, p. 4, cols. 1-2.  


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Monday, May 29, 2017

Debates Over Consolidating Pelham's Three Villages in 1923




"The enemy of my enemy is my friend."

An ancient proverb suggesting that opposing
parties can work together against a common
enemy.


"The consolidation of the Pelhams into a city to avoid
the loss of authority [due to annexation by New York
City or Westchester County] would be a good move if
the desire originated from the residents themselves but
to most of us the 'City of Pelham' would be repugnant.
As a refuge it might be tolerated."

Editor of The Pelham Sun in 1923 commenting on a
plan to merge the three villages of Pelham and designate
Pelham as a City to enable it to avoid annexation.


"[I]t was the general belief of the members of the committee 
[of Pelhamites] that a consolidation could be effected with a saving
to the taxpayers and a definite plan which would show these
advantages would receive the approval of s sufficient number
of the taxpayers to make it feasible."

Sep. 14, 1923 Pelham Sun Report on the work of an
influential town committee studying the feasibility of
the consolidation of the three villages of The Pelhams.

Pelham was under siege In 1923.  The behemoth known as New York City that bordered the Town of Pelham on one side was looking to expand yet again, placing Pelham within the cross-hairs of another annexation, this one a full-blown annexation of the entire town.  The County of Westchester, at the same time, seemed fearful of the same fate.  Thus, the county was contemplating the creation of a "City of Westchester" that would include the entire Town of Pelham (and other Westchester towns) with a commission form of government to block annexation of parts of the County such as the Town of Pelham by the City of New York.  The three villages of Pelham, in short, feared loss of self-government.  Suddenly, for the first time, Pelhamites were at least open to the idea of consolidation of the three villages as a defensive measure. The three villages explored merging and then converting to a city form of government to make annexation more difficult.

I have written about these developments before.  In fact, I once wrote regarding the 1923 consolidation initiative:  "Learning of this, one might be tempted to glance at the calendar. Might today be April Fools Day? Have we slipped into an alternate universe where our consciousness and memories remain the same but our collective history is different than what we previously thought? No. . . . ."  It really happened.  The initiative died, of course, when New York City rumblings of annexation died and Westchester County's own defensive annexation measures were abandoned.  See Wed., Jul. 29, 2015:  The Three Villages of Pelham Embraced the Notion of Consolidation in 1923 as a Defensive Measure

Today's Historic Pelham article explores more about the serious initiative to merge the three villages of The Pelhams in 1923.  It also transcribes a series of articles not transcribed in the July 29, 2015 article on the same topic.

Pelham residents were so fearful of losing home rule that they seriously considered consolidation of all three villages in 1923.  The Men's Club of the Pelhams constituted a "Committee of Fifteen" to hold public hearings in Pelham and to perform two tasks:  (1) monitor and report on the status of Westchester County's proposal to create a county-wide form of government that would usurp those of towns and villages throughout the county; and (2) analyze the feasibility of consolidating the three villages of the Pelhams as part of a defensive measure to block annexation by either Westchester County or New York City.  

Almost immediately the Committee of Fifteen (five notable residents from each of the three villages) discerned a common thread of thought among Pelham residents.  Most felt that consolidating the three villages and converting the Town to a City was not an optimal solution -- not because of consolidation, but because Pelham residents did not feel their little town felt like a city and, frankly, did not want it labeled as a city.

The Committee of Fifteen struggled to find some form of solution to the problem as they worked to come up with a proposal likely to pass a vote of taxpayers in the Pelhams.  In April, the committee released a report that said in part:

"It is averse to the feelings of many of us to think of the Pelhams as a city.  As an alternative, we might adopt the city charter and operate under the title of a district council, embracing all three villages and having representation according to assessed valuation.  Thus none of the component parts of the district would lose their individuality -- it would still be Pelham Manor, Pelham and North Pelham, although the governing body might be termed the Pelham district council.  By some plan of this nature we can prevent our village government being taken from us, we can retain our own powers of taxation and expend our town moneys raised by such taxation, if there is a deep sentiment for such consolidation."  (See below.)

The suggestion that representation in such a district council would be based on assessed valuation did not sit well with the Village of North Pelham.  It understood such a mechanism would give the Village of Pelham Manor much more powerful representation than the Village of North Pelham and the Village of Pelham.  The Board of Trustees of the Village of North Pelham passed a lengthy resolution condemning representation based on assessed valuation and asserting that it would be unconstitutional.  The resolution, quoted within an article transcribed in full below, conveniently summarized the entire history of the events that led to the movement to consolidate the three villages and is required reading for students of the history of efforts to merge the villages.

With failure of the so-called Wallin plan to create a City of Westchester and annex Pelham, the consolidation movement in Pelham collapsed until its resurrection in the 1970s when the Village of North Pelham and the Village of Pelham successfully merged.



1950 Map of the Town of Pelham Showing the Town
Bounded by the City of New York, the City of Mount
Vernon and the City of New Rochelle. NOTE: Click
on Image to Enlarge.

*          *          *          *          * 

Below is the text of a number of consolidation articles that were not transcribed as part of the July 29, 2015 article on the same topic.  Each is followed by a citation and link to its source.

"Letters to the Editor
-----
Twenty Days And Fifteen Days
-----

To the Editor Pelham Sun: --

Dear Sir -- As a seeker after information regarding methods in our village elections I naturally write to the local paper.  Can you tell me how and when the village elections are held?  I believe it is sometime in the spring but would like authoritative information on the matter.  Also what is necessary in order to file independent nominations?

I notice that Scarsdale is planning to have special legislation to make it a town in order to avoid the loss of its governmental authority which will ensue if this County Commission goes into effect.  Would not that be good for Pelham too to do so?

Why is it that Pelham Heights does not relegate the duties of tax collector to the tax receiver as the other villages in Pelham have done?  Is there any reason, and if there is anyone interested in blocking such consolidation what is the reason, who is the person and why are they doing it?

I could ask a great many more questions regarding local conditions here but if you can answer these for me in your next issue you will get the thanks of, 

Yours truly, 

QUERULOUS

(Editor's Note -- Village elections are held each year on the second Tuesday in March.  Village officials are elected for one-year terms with the exception of the trustees who serve for two years.  Regular party nominations must be filed with the village clerk not more than thirty nor less than twenty days before election.  Independent nominations can be filed up to within 15 days of election day.  Candidates for office are selected by village committees of the respective parties, which then hold a primary election about three weeks before the regular election.  There has been but one party in Pelham Manor and Pelham Heights for several years.  North Pelham usually has candidates for village offices from both parties.

The consolidation of the Pelhams into a city to avoid the loss of authority would be a good move if the desire originated from the residents themselves but to most of us the 'City of Pelham' would be repugnant.  As a refuge it might be tolerated.

In answer to your third series of questions, the power to delegate the duties of village tax-collector to the town tax receiver rests solely in the judgment of the Board of Trustees.  Centralization along these lines should result in a lesser amount of unpaid taxes on the books, and a cheaper method of collection apparently.  We know of no person 'blocking' such a consolidation.  We suggest you apply direct to the village board of Pelham Heights for a reason for not consolidating these offices.)"

Source:  Letters to the Editor -- Twenty Days And Fifteen Days, The Pelham Sun, Jan. 19, 1923, Vol. 13, No. 47, p. 2, col. 2.  

"The New Letters of Frank Lee Pickenolla
-----

To Hon. Ex-Mayor Wallin,
Yonkers, N. Y.

My Dear Bill -- 

The general opinion seems to be that the suggested County Commission is dead, but I don't believe it.  I believe that any time you get into your head something that ought to be done you're going to stick until it is done or killed by the vote of the people.  And your old side kick, Harry Barrett, is another one of the bulldog type, too.

Bill, the Commission plan is fundamentally good, but there's a lot of opposition coming from the rural sections and it's determined opposition, too.  What is the reason for it?  Chiefly the fear of loss of close-to-home government.  That's right, isn't it?  Well, now, the aim of the Commission is to improve county government.  You can't perhaps point to where the present system has fallen down, but you can see where it has failed to progress, and it is in the move for progress that you want to lead.  Very laudable, Bill; very laudable.

Now, about the opposition.  Methinks you could remove a lot of it by a statement that local government is going to continue.  Scarsdale is organizing itself to adopt a city charter.  That's a movement of defense which has set a lot of Pelham minds considering its advisability.  Not that we want a city of Pelham.  Heavens, no!  But Bill, if the charter provided for a consolidation of some of these rural sections into districts, with a self-governing district council which would take over the functions of town and village boards combined I believe much of the opposition would fade away.  Take the Pelhams, for instance.  Suppose the three were consolidated, not so that their names are changed but so that they are governed by a district council with representatives enough to adequately represent the people, his board to control the local streets, the fire department, local sewers, and to maintain its own road-making and mending equipment.

The County Commission to establish a main sewer system, with disposal plants in various parts of the county.  All sewers could then be run by gravity system, and where it is necessary for one community to send its sewerage through another community by reason of topographical conditions it would be through the main county sewer system, the volume metered and charged up to the various localities from whence it was derived, who will pay for it in a county tax.  All local connections to be under local district council supervision, and be a district-wide charge.

Water supply should be a county matter on a main line system, the county to maintain sources of supply and filtration and delivery to the borders of districts and cities, the supply there to be metered.  All the distributing system within the municipality to be under ownership and control of that local district council I spoke about.

[Illegible] headquarters [illegible] in every district, a pension for efficient service, with a big chance of promotion for a good cop -- a little army as it were, charged with the defeat of evil.

I believe, too, Bill, in a county fire department, where we can get men skilled in the mechanics of the expensive equipment which we taxpayers pay for, as the backbone of our volunteer system, but I wouldn't destroy our volunteer system for anything.  Only give it a backbone of skilled fire mechanics, if I can use that term, controlled locally by the fire committee of the district council with a representative on a county board.

Wouldn't it be a fine thing, Bill, if each district could maintain its own roadmaking and mending department under supervision of the district engineer.  It would do away with contracts and there would be enough work to keep it going the year around -- in winter using scrapers and equipment for snow removal.  Garbage removal on a town basis with an incinerator to burn the refuse should be profitable, especially if they had a market for empty bottles.

Bill, I don't believe your County Commission can get by unless some feeling of surety is given to localities that their local government will not be interfered with.  Show them that and I think fifty per cent of the opposition will disappear.  But hurry up, Bill, or New York will gobble you for sure and your City of Yonkers will get its orders from Tammany Hall.  Well, Yonkers is a carpet town and every carpet has a beating coming to it.  So here's to the City of Scarsdale where the houses are far apart, but the people are close together.

Yours truly,
-----"

Source:  The New Letters of Frank Lee Pickenolla, The Pelham Sun, Mar. 16, 1923, Vol. 14, No. 3, p. 2, cols. 4-5.  

"The Consolidation of the Pelhams

-----

Members of the Men's Club are on Tuesday to have a free discussion of the advisability of consolidating the three villages comprising the Town of Pelham and adopting a form of charter which will enable it to resist the threatened encroachment on home rule rights which a County Government Commission will have.  

As the matter now stands, the City of Westchester is a ghost its life has been officially killed, but its specter is seen guiding the hands of those who are developing the County Commission plan which proposes to take over the powers of government in the county, and its ephemeral body may suddenly assume a solidity which will result in legislation looking toward a charter for the creation of a city out of considerable portion of Westchester County.

And we are given to understand on no less an authority than William L. Ward, chairman of the Republican County Committee of Westchester, and political boss, that such an application for a city charter can be made effective without a referendum to the people.  

The county commission anticipates a charter 'elastic enough' to use the words of William Wallin, to take over the duties of village government if the commission deems it necessary.  So if the commission consummates its plans the 'close-to-home' government of the Pelhams may be suddenly taken from us and centered in White Plains.

There is a danger, plain, and it is up to every member of the Men's Cub of the Town of Pelham to give to the matter earnest thought.  We want to retain for the Pelhams its own local government, spending the money collected by taxes levied by our own government in our own locality.  This would not be possible if our governing powers here are removed.

The Pelhams are an entity developing along splendid lines by men imbued with civic pride, who give their services gratis.  It is the highest type of democratic government and must be preserved if at all possible.

What plans can be taken will be stated at Tuesday's meeting."

Source:  The Consolidation of the Pelhams, The Pelham Sun, Apr. 6, 1923, Vol. 14, No. 6, p. 2, col. 1.

"Pelham
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MERGING 3 VILLAGES TO BE CONSIDERED AT MEETING TONIGHT
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The monthly meeting of the Men's club of the Pelhams will take place at the Memorial high school this evening and the subject which will be under consideration is one that concerns every resident of the town viz consolidation of the three villages.  When the consolidation of the three villages was first suggested there was protests from the villages and each based objection on the theory that fractional struggles would destroy self-government.  Since then, however, an educational campaign has been carried on with the result that more people are of the opinion that the one municipality can be operated at far less expense than at present, it is said.  The Men's club has already placed itself upon record as opposing the Westchester county government plan unless small municipalities are guaranteed self government.  They also see danger of a further expansion of Greater New York which will include much of Westchester county.  At tonight's meeting the question will be discussed from every angle and the result given to the public, it is declared."

Source:  Pelham -- MERGING 3 VILLAGES TO BE CONSIDERED AT MEETING TONIGHT, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Apr. 10, 1923, p. 12, col. 2.  

"To Sound People's Views As to Consolidating Three Pelham Villages

North Pelham, April 17 -- The Men's Club of the Pelhams has passed a resolution appointing a committee of fifteen to hold public hearings on the question of the consolidation of the villages of North Pelham, Pelham, and Pelham Manor, as a protective measure against the Westchester County government commission, which, it fears, will deprive the villages of much of their local governing powers if passed.  The committee consists of David Lyon, John T. Brook, Thomas Kennett, Roy P. Brainard, F. C. Henderschott and Dr. Russell K. Bryer of North Pelham; Judge William L. Ransom, Robert A. Holmes, Howard Davis, Benjamin L. Fairchild, and Merton C. Robbins of Pelham, and Harry T. Grant, Lawrence F. Sherman, Richard H. Lee and R. Clifford Black of Pelham Manor.

The committee in the report submitted said in part:

'It is averse to the feelings of many of us to think of the Pelhams as a city.  As an alternative, we might adopt the city charter and operate under the title of a district council, embracing all three villages and having representation according to assessed valuation.  Thus none of the component parts of the district would lose their individuality -- it would still be Pelham Manor, Pelham and North Pelham, although the governing body might be termed the Pelham district council.  By some plan of this nature we can prevent our village government being taken from us, we can retain our own powers of taxation and expend our town moneys raised by such taxation, if there is a deep sentiment for such consolidation.  In closing this report, your committee begs further to state that the vigor with which the Wallin commission plan is being pushed makes it a matter to be deeply considered, and we recommend that a committee of representative citizens of the Pelhams be formed now to ascertain the sentiment of the people toward a consolidation or what other protective steps be taken.'"

Source:  To Sound People's Views As to Consolidating Three Pelham Villages, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Apr. 17, 1923, p. 12, cols. 3-4.  

"North Pelham Officials Oppose Merger Plan
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North Pelham, April 24 -- Resolved, that the board of trustees of North Pelham is opposed to any consolidation wherein representation is based on assessed valuation.  It is the opinion of this board that representation of this character is contrary to the spirit of the constitution of the United States.  This motion made by Trustee Johnson of Chester Park, was unanimously carried by the village board.  The action came in answer to the report of the committee appointed by the Men's Club of the Pelhams appointed to investigate the Westchester county government of the Pelhams; and if the home rule of the Pelhams is jeopardized, to suggest a remedy.  Portions of the findings of the committee were published in these columns last week, but to get a proper focus of the situation it is herewith given in its entirety:

'Your committee to which was referred the work of investigating and making a report on the plan for creating a city of Westchester out of the present county of Westchester hereby begs to report as follows:  Early in 1922, Surrogate Judge George A. Slater, in addressing a gathering of school teachers in Port Chester declared his opinion in effect that before two years had passed Westchester county would adopt a form of government which would virtually make a city out of Westchester county.  This followed the approval by the voters at the fall election in 1921 of a proposition to change the form of government in Westchester and Nassau counties.  Judge Slater's speech was given a great deal more publicity than its casual utterance would seem to warrant and coincident with it came a renewed activity on the part of the county commission, a body which originally intended to formulate some plan for the improvement of Westchester county government, but had not accomplished anything definite since its organization in 1914.  Its membership at that time numbered seven.

'The city of Westchester plan as it was called, at once became a vital topic of discussion.  Its dangers to the Pelhams were realized as the plan then was stated to consider the abolition of the board of supervisors and its replacement as governing authority by a commission of five or a cabinet form of government, such as is in successful operation today in many second class cities.

'In an effort to defeat the plan the board of supervisors to abolish the county commission, and intense political activity was directed against this action so that it was lost, and soon afterward an act of the legislature on February 6, 1922, empowered the board of supervisors to enlarge the membership of the commission to thirty-two and gave to the commission powers to expend such amounts of money as was deemed necessary to pursue investigation toward improving the county form of government.

'From out of their deliberations of almost a year has arisen one plan, definite, and with strong political backing, which will place the government of Westchester county in the hands of a county president, with almost despotic powers over the destinies of Westchester county.  At first this plan called for the creation of a commission of five, three of the members to be elected and two appointed by the county commissioner, thus giving the chief commissioner control of the board by his appointive power of two members.  Lately, in the face of opposition, this plan has been altered, and the tentative charter which is already in printed form, embraces a board of seven members.

'At the head of the board is the county president, an elective office.  With him are also elected a county vice-president and a county commissioner of finance.  The other four members of the board , a county commissioner of public welfare, a county engineer, a county attorney and a county sealer of weights and measures, are appointed by the county president, thus again centralizing the control in the hands of the president by virtue of his appointive power.  This has not yet been officially approved.  The charter is only tentative.

'The text of the charter is virtually the same as that under which cities of the second class operate, such as Yonkers, for instance.  Its first intent was to make of the board of supervisors purely a legislative body, and subject all its acts to the veto of the county commissioner, but the late plan now makes it possible for the supervisors to pass an ordinance over the president's veto by a three-fourths majority of all the members of the board of supervisors.

'In this plan, known as the Wallin plan, by reason of its sponsor being ex-Mayor William Wallin of Yonkers, a board of estimate consisting of the president and commissioner of finance, county attorney and county engineer, has control over all financial matters of the county.

'An alternative plan has been submitted by Commissioner Morse which retains the board of supervisors as the executive control of the county.  In this plan the county president is elected by a county wide vote, the number of supervisors is reduced from 41 to 17, this reduction being accomplished by grouping all townships of less than 10,000 population, and naming them districts for the election of a single supervisor.  Under this plan Pelham would be grouped with Eastchester in one district.  The representation of the cities to be based on assessed valuation.  There would be no board of estimate and apportionment.

'In connection with the Wallin plan, it must be remembered that Mr. Wallin has gone on record publicly as stating that the plan is elastic enough to take over the administration of village government if such a course is deemed necessary.  Wherein does the proposed county commission plan of government hold anything at all of benefit to the Pelhams?  We are told in a large way that the centralization of authority also means a centralization of responsibility, but what assurance have we that we can find the right man to assume all this responsibility which will go with the office of county president, especially as the office is a political one and politics is today more a matter of popularity than of merit.  The centralization of so much authority in one man may be good in business but politics is not business and generally speaking, political authority is used as a means of handing out patronage to a favored crowd who are looking for soft jobs at the taxpayers' expense.

'We would perhaps favor consolidation of government in Westchester county if various cities, towns and villages which lie within its boundaries had grown to such an extent that the population was congested, the various districts overlapped each other and conditions prevailed such as are generally found today in real cities.  In that case the many units of government in Westchester would conflict with the other.  That however, is not the case.  The smaller units of government deal with clearly defined territories each an entity in itself and each enjoying the advantages of a 'close-to-home' government, the fundamental idea of democracy.

'We cannot see where the centralization of executive and financial of the county at White Plains can hold out any advantages to the Pelhams, and we wish to go on record as strongly opposed to it.  The opposition to the county commission plan has caused Scarsdale to prepare as a protective measure, legislature which if carried out will give to it a city charter and thus retain for it its home rule.  This may be considered a panicky move having regard to the population and position of Scarsdale, but it is evidence that the inhabitants of Scarsdale are alive to their interests and do not intend to be caught napping.

'We might ask:  Wherein is the county commission plan inimical to the interests of the Pelhams?  In the tentative charter as printed and now under consideration by the county commission the powers of the board are started in part with a blank left for the insertion of specific grants of power.  This brings the mind back to the statement of the sponsor of the plan, William Wallin, that the powers of the commission would be elastic enough to take over the control of the villages. We believe that such a statement would not have been made unless there was a clear thought that at some future time such a course would be taken.  And if the commission is to be imbued with that power then residents and taxpayers in the villages will have no voice in the matter regardless of how much they might desire to protest against such a course of action.

'So we are faced with a plan which may take away our village government and we shall be governed from White Plains.  We wish to state emphatically that we consider this course inimical to the interests of the Pelhams.  We have a community here which has governed itself, raised and expended its own money in developing a beautiful, homelike community in which we delight to live, and we should be prepared to make a vigorous fight to retain our individuality.  With a commission of seven governing the county and a board of estimate of but five, what would be the probable expenditure of money in the Pelhams as compared to the amount raised here.  The demands of the cities with their larger voting power, always a consideration in a politically created body, would be the first to be met and the rest can be easily imagined.  At the present time may of the little complaints which are always cropping up, are remedied quickly by our village boards; under the county plan we may be compelled to go to White Plains where we should probably find that the man who had so much responsibility centered on him would be too busy to listen to us.

'Another menace to our villages can be seen in the action taken recently by the city of New York which instructed a committee of experts to investigate and report on the desirablility of annexing all territory within 25 miles of the city hall, Westchester county is being looked upon with covetous eyes, and one of our villages may be the first to be sacrificed, as the annexing of villages does not present insurmountable obstacles, especially villages such as ours with low bonded indebtedness.  In a short time subways will branch out to Mount Vernon's business section, Yonkers and New Rochelle.  It is a logical happening.

'Is there any protective measure which might retain for us our home rule?  Scarsdale, as previously mentioned, has prepared legislation toward the creation of a city and by this method protecting itself.  Pelham is more favorably situated to accomplish the same thing.  We have three villages which have so grown together that the border lines have become indistinct -- we already have community institutions embracing the whole township of which the Men's club is one of the foremost, and one which could wield a vast influence in the matter.  We are today thinking in terms of Pelham as a whole rather than of any of the three villages.  Yet there continues a triplication and duplication of offices which we believe could be more economically administered under one head.  As a consolidated government more effective administration would result.

'It is averse to the feelings of many of us to think of the Pelhams as a city.  As an alternative, we might adopt the city charter and operate under the the title of a district council embracing all three villages and having representation according to assessed valuation.  Thus none of the component parts of the district would lose their individuality, it would still be Pelham Manor.  Pelham and North Pelham, although the governing body might be termed the Pelham District Council.

'By some plan of this nature we can prevent our village government being taken from us, we can retain our own powers of taxation and expend in our own town moneys raised by such taxation, if there is a deep sentiment for such consolidation.  In closing this report, your committee begs further to state that the vigor with which the Wallin commission plan is being pushed makes it a matter to be deeply considered, and we recommend that a committee of representative citizens of the Pelhams be formed now to ascertain the sentiment of the people toward a consolidation or what other protective steps be taken.'

It was the suggestion made above 'having representation according to assessed valuation' which caused trustee DeFreest to introduce his resolution.  There is a general opinion, however, that the resolution passed by the village board was unnecessary as the plan was only tentatively  suggested by the committee of the Men's club and the committee of fifteen which has been appointed with former village president Harry W. Nuckols of Pelham Manor at the head, will hold a series of meetings in the three villages and sound public opinion."

Source:  North Pelham Officials Oppose Merger Plan, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Apr. 24, 1923, p. 14, cols. 3-5.  

"COUNTY COMMISSION TO DISCUSS ALTERNATIVE PLAN OF MORSE'S
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New Proposal Seeks to Establish a County Board of Supervisors Superior to Present Town Board -- Will Be Discussed At Meeting At Commodore Hotel On Wednesday.
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Members of the County Commission which is formulating a new plan for government of Westchester county will meet at the Commodore Hotel on Wednesday night at 6.30 o'clock.

Commissioner Morse will present an alternative plan for changing the present method of government.  The new scheme embraces a consolidation of some of the towns of the county and electing from such consolidated towns a county supervisor who would be a member of a board of county supervisors.

This plan contemplates the retention of the present town supervisors, and makes the county supervisor the representative of the consolidated districts.

Consolidation of the various towns would be made on a two-fold basis of population and assessed valuation.  By this means county government would be carried on by an elected county board of supervisors of 17.

At Friday's meeting of the Commission at White Plains, many sections of the Wallin plan were approved.  Judge Slater impressing on the members present that the new charter should be as simple as possible in preference to a lengthy document detailing all powers and duties of the various sub-boards which are proposed under the plan."

Source:  COUNTY COMMISSION TO DISCUSS ALTERNATIVE PLAN OF MORSE'S -- New Proposal Seeks to Establish a County Board of Supervisors Superior to Present Town Board -- Will Be Discussed At Meeting At Commodore Hotel On Wednesday, The Pelham Sun, Apr. 27, 1923, p. 1, cols. 1-2.  

"REPORT CHANGE IN WESTCHESTER CO. GOVERNMENT
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Committee of Fifteen Receive Comprehensive Statement on Activities of Commission
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Believe Also That Taxpayers Would Approve Right Plans for Consolidation of Pelhams
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The Committee of fifteen of the Town of Pelham which is keeping itself informed on the doings of the County Commission which is soon to present a new charter for government in Westchester County met at Memorial High School last night, Harry W. Nuckols of Pelham Manor presiding.

The sub-committee on the history of Westchester's government presented a voluminous report through its chairman, Lawrence F. Sherman.  It outlined the inception of government in Westchester and reported very fully the activities of the present county commission.  Mr. Sherman stated that he believed the government of Westchester could be improved but until the definite plan for the new form of government was presented to the Board of Supervisors by the Commission and was made public there was little that could be done.

Asked as to whether it was possible to place the charter before the people at this fall's election, Mr. Sherman said it was his opinion that it could not be brought before the voters until 1925.  He cited the attempt of Nassau County to get a new charter approved by the Legislature and its failure after many months of effort, and said he did not believe that even should a special session of the Legislature be convened to consider the matter of change of government the bill could not go through the various phases of government in time to be placed before the people this year.

The report was accepted and turned over to The Pelham Sun office for inspection of anyone interested.  The Committee will report to the Men's Cub at its first fall session in October.

The second phase of the activities of the Committee of fifteen deals with the consolidation of the Pelhams.  This was discussed informally and it was the general belief of the members of the committee that a consolidation could be effected with a saving to the taxpayers and a definite plan which would show these advantages would receive the approval of s sufficient number of the taxpayers to make it feasible."

Source:  REPORT CHANGE IN WESTCHESTER CO. GOVERNMENT -- Committee of Fifteen Receive Comprehensive Statement on Activities of Commission -Believe Also That Taxpayers Would Approve Right Plans for Consolidation of Pelhams, The Pelham Sun, Sep. 14, 1923, p. 1, col. 5.  


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