Historic Pelham

Presenting the rich history of Pelham, NY in Westchester County: current historical research, descriptions of how to research Pelham history online and genealogy discussions of Pelham families.

Monday, May 29, 2017

Debates Over Consolidating Pelham's Three Villages in 1923




"The enemy of my enemy is my friend."

An ancient proverb suggesting that opposing
parties can work together against a common
enemy.


"The consolidation of the Pelhams into a city to avoid
the loss of authority [due to annexation by New York
City or Westchester County] would be a good move if
the desire originated from the residents themselves but
to most of us the 'City of Pelham' would be repugnant.
As a refuge it might be tolerated."

Editor of The Pelham Sun in 1923 commenting on a
plan to merge the three villages of Pelham and designate
Pelham as a City to enable it to avoid annexation.


"[I]t was the general belief of the members of the committee 
[of Pelhamites] that a consolidation could be effected with a saving
to the taxpayers and a definite plan which would show these
advantages would receive the approval of s sufficient number
of the taxpayers to make it feasible."

Sep. 14, 1923 Pelham Sun Report on the work of an
influential town committee studying the feasibility of
the consolidation of the three villages of The Pelhams.

Pelham was under siege In 1923.  The behemoth known as New York City that bordered the Town of Pelham on one side was looking to expand yet again, placing Pelham within the cross-hairs of another annexation, this one a full-blown annexation of the entire town.  The County of Westchester, at the same time, seemed fearful of the same fate.  Thus, the county was contemplating the creation of a "City of Westchester" that would include the entire Town of Pelham (and other Westchester towns) with a commission form of government to block annexation of parts of the County such as the Town of Pelham by the City of New York.  The three villages of Pelham, in short, feared loss of self-government.  Suddenly, for the first time, Pelhamites were at least open to the idea of consolidation of the three villages as a defensive measure. The three villages explored merging and then converting to a city form of government to make annexation more difficult.

I have written about these developments before.  In fact, I once wrote regarding the 1923 consolidation initiative:  "Learning of this, one might be tempted to glance at the calendar. Might today be April Fools Day? Have we slipped into an alternate universe where our consciousness and memories remain the same but our collective history is different than what we previously thought? No. . . . ."  It really happened.  The initiative died, of course, when New York City rumblings of annexation died and Westchester County's own defensive annexation measures were abandoned.  See Wed., Jul. 29, 2015:  The Three Villages of Pelham Embraced the Notion of Consolidation in 1923 as a Defensive Measure

Today's Historic Pelham article explores more about the serious initiative to merge the three villages of The Pelhams in 1923.  It also transcribes a series of articles not transcribed in the July 29, 2015 article on the same topic.

Pelham residents were so fearful of losing home rule that they seriously considered consolidation of all three villages in 1923.  The Men's Club of the Pelhams constituted a "Committee of Fifteen" to hold public hearings in Pelham and to perform two tasks:  (1) monitor and report on the status of Westchester County's proposal to create a county-wide form of government that would usurp those of towns and villages throughout the county; and (2) analyze the feasibility of consolidating the three villages of the Pelhams as part of a defensive measure to block annexation by either Westchester County or New York City.  

Almost immediately the Committee of Fifteen (five notable residents from each of the three villages) discerned a common thread of thought among Pelham residents.  Most felt that consolidating the three villages and converting the Town to a City was not an optimal solution -- not because of consolidation, but because Pelham residents did not feel their little town felt like a city and, frankly, did not want it labeled as a city.

The Committee of Fifteen struggled to find some form of solution to the problem as they worked to come up with a proposal likely to pass a vote of taxpayers in the Pelhams.  In April, the committee released a report that said in part:

"It is averse to the feelings of many of us to think of the Pelhams as a city.  As an alternative, we might adopt the city charter and operate under the title of a district council, embracing all three villages and having representation according to assessed valuation.  Thus none of the component parts of the district would lose their individuality -- it would still be Pelham Manor, Pelham and North Pelham, although the governing body might be termed the Pelham district council.  By some plan of this nature we can prevent our village government being taken from us, we can retain our own powers of taxation and expend our town moneys raised by such taxation, if there is a deep sentiment for such consolidation."  (See below.)

The suggestion that representation in such a district council would be based on assessed valuation did not sit well with the Village of North Pelham.  It understood such a mechanism would give the Village of Pelham Manor much more powerful representation than the Village of North Pelham and the Village of Pelham.  The Board of Trustees of the Village of North Pelham passed a lengthy resolution condemning representation based on assessed valuation and asserting that it would be unconstitutional.  The resolution, quoted within an article transcribed in full below, conveniently summarized the entire history of the events that led to the movement to consolidate the three villages and is required reading for students of the history of efforts to merge the villages.

With failure of the so-called Wallin plan to create a City of Westchester and annex Pelham, the consolidation movement in Pelham collapsed until its resurrection in the 1970s when the Village of North Pelham and the Village of Pelham successfully merged.



1950 Map of the Town of Pelham Showing the Town
Bounded by the City of New York, the City of Mount
Vernon and the City of New Rochelle. NOTE: Click
on Image to Enlarge.

*          *          *          *          * 

Below is the text of a number of consolidation articles that were not transcribed as part of the July 29, 2015 article on the same topic.  Each is followed by a citation and link to its source.

"Letters to the Editor
-----
Twenty Days And Fifteen Days
-----

To the Editor Pelham Sun: --

Dear Sir -- As a seeker after information regarding methods in our village elections I naturally write to the local paper.  Can you tell me how and when the village elections are held?  I believe it is sometime in the spring but would like authoritative information on the matter.  Also what is necessary in order to file independent nominations?

I notice that Scarsdale is planning to have special legislation to make it a town in order to avoid the loss of its governmental authority which will ensue if this County Commission goes into effect.  Would not that be good for Pelham too to do so?

Why is it that Pelham Heights does not relegate the duties of tax collector to the tax receiver as the other villages in Pelham have done?  Is there any reason, and if there is anyone interested in blocking such consolidation what is the reason, who is the person and why are they doing it?

I could ask a great many more questions regarding local conditions here but if you can answer these for me in your next issue you will get the thanks of, 

Yours truly, 

QUERULOUS

(Editor's Note -- Village elections are held each year on the second Tuesday in March.  Village officials are elected for one-year terms with the exception of the trustees who serve for two years.  Regular party nominations must be filed with the village clerk not more than thirty nor less than twenty days before election.  Independent nominations can be filed up to within 15 days of election day.  Candidates for office are selected by village committees of the respective parties, which then hold a primary election about three weeks before the regular election.  There has been but one party in Pelham Manor and Pelham Heights for several years.  North Pelham usually has candidates for village offices from both parties.

The consolidation of the Pelhams into a city to avoid the loss of authority would be a good move if the desire originated from the residents themselves but to most of us the 'City of Pelham' would be repugnant.  As a refuge it might be tolerated.

In answer to your third series of questions, the power to delegate the duties of village tax-collector to the town tax receiver rests solely in the judgment of the Board of Trustees.  Centralization along these lines should result in a lesser amount of unpaid taxes on the books, and a cheaper method of collection apparently.  We know of no person 'blocking' such a consolidation.  We suggest you apply direct to the village board of Pelham Heights for a reason for not consolidating these offices.)"

Source:  Letters to the Editor -- Twenty Days And Fifteen Days, The Pelham Sun, Jan. 19, 1923, Vol. 13, No. 47, p. 2, col. 2.  

"The New Letters of Frank Lee Pickenolla
-----

To Hon. Ex-Mayor Wallin,
Yonkers, N. Y.

My Dear Bill -- 

The general opinion seems to be that the suggested County Commission is dead, but I don't believe it.  I believe that any time you get into your head something that ought to be done you're going to stick until it is done or killed by the vote of the people.  And your old side kick, Harry Barrett, is another one of the bulldog type, too.

Bill, the Commission plan is fundamentally good, but there's a lot of opposition coming from the rural sections and it's determined opposition, too.  What is the reason for it?  Chiefly the fear of loss of close-to-home government.  That's right, isn't it?  Well, now, the aim of the Commission is to improve county government.  You can't perhaps point to where the present system has fallen down, but you can see where it has failed to progress, and it is in the move for progress that you want to lead.  Very laudable, Bill; very laudable.

Now, about the opposition.  Methinks you could remove a lot of it by a statement that local government is going to continue.  Scarsdale is organizing itself to adopt a city charter.  That's a movement of defense which has set a lot of Pelham minds considering its advisability.  Not that we want a city of Pelham.  Heavens, no!  But Bill, if the charter provided for a consolidation of some of these rural sections into districts, with a self-governing district council which would take over the functions of town and village boards combined I believe much of the opposition would fade away.  Take the Pelhams, for instance.  Suppose the three were consolidated, not so that their names are changed but so that they are governed by a district council with representatives enough to adequately represent the people, his board to control the local streets, the fire department, local sewers, and to maintain its own road-making and mending equipment.

The County Commission to establish a main sewer system, with disposal plants in various parts of the county.  All sewers could then be run by gravity system, and where it is necessary for one community to send its sewerage through another community by reason of topographical conditions it would be through the main county sewer system, the volume metered and charged up to the various localities from whence it was derived, who will pay for it in a county tax.  All local connections to be under local district council supervision, and be a district-wide charge.

Water supply should be a county matter on a main line system, the county to maintain sources of supply and filtration and delivery to the borders of districts and cities, the supply there to be metered.  All the distributing system within the municipality to be under ownership and control of that local district council I spoke about.

[Illegible] headquarters [illegible] in every district, a pension for efficient service, with a big chance of promotion for a good cop -- a little army as it were, charged with the defeat of evil.

I believe, too, Bill, in a county fire department, where we can get men skilled in the mechanics of the expensive equipment which we taxpayers pay for, as the backbone of our volunteer system, but I wouldn't destroy our volunteer system for anything.  Only give it a backbone of skilled fire mechanics, if I can use that term, controlled locally by the fire committee of the district council with a representative on a county board.

Wouldn't it be a fine thing, Bill, if each district could maintain its own roadmaking and mending department under supervision of the district engineer.  It would do away with contracts and there would be enough work to keep it going the year around -- in winter using scrapers and equipment for snow removal.  Garbage removal on a town basis with an incinerator to burn the refuse should be profitable, especially if they had a market for empty bottles.

Bill, I don't believe your County Commission can get by unless some feeling of surety is given to localities that their local government will not be interfered with.  Show them that and I think fifty per cent of the opposition will disappear.  But hurry up, Bill, or New York will gobble you for sure and your City of Yonkers will get its orders from Tammany Hall.  Well, Yonkers is a carpet town and every carpet has a beating coming to it.  So here's to the City of Scarsdale where the houses are far apart, but the people are close together.

Yours truly,
-----"

Source:  The New Letters of Frank Lee Pickenolla, The Pelham Sun, Mar. 16, 1923, Vol. 14, No. 3, p. 2, cols. 4-5.  

"The Consolidation of the Pelhams

-----

Members of the Men's Club are on Tuesday to have a free discussion of the advisability of consolidating the three villages comprising the Town of Pelham and adopting a form of charter which will enable it to resist the threatened encroachment on home rule rights which a County Government Commission will have.  

As the matter now stands, the City of Westchester is a ghost its life has been officially killed, but its specter is seen guiding the hands of those who are developing the County Commission plan which proposes to take over the powers of government in the county, and its ephemeral body may suddenly assume a solidity which will result in legislation looking toward a charter for the creation of a city out of considerable portion of Westchester County.

And we are given to understand on no less an authority than William L. Ward, chairman of the Republican County Committee of Westchester, and political boss, that such an application for a city charter can be made effective without a referendum to the people.  

The county commission anticipates a charter 'elastic enough' to use the words of William Wallin, to take over the duties of village government if the commission deems it necessary.  So if the commission consummates its plans the 'close-to-home' government of the Pelhams may be suddenly taken from us and centered in White Plains.

There is a danger, plain, and it is up to every member of the Men's Cub of the Town of Pelham to give to the matter earnest thought.  We want to retain for the Pelhams its own local government, spending the money collected by taxes levied by our own government in our own locality.  This would not be possible if our governing powers here are removed.

The Pelhams are an entity developing along splendid lines by men imbued with civic pride, who give their services gratis.  It is the highest type of democratic government and must be preserved if at all possible.

What plans can be taken will be stated at Tuesday's meeting."

Source:  The Consolidation of the Pelhams, The Pelham Sun, Apr. 6, 1923, Vol. 14, No. 6, p. 2, col. 1.

"Pelham
-----
MERGING 3 VILLAGES TO BE CONSIDERED AT MEETING TONIGHT
-----

The monthly meeting of the Men's club of the Pelhams will take place at the Memorial high school this evening and the subject which will be under consideration is one that concerns every resident of the town viz consolidation of the three villages.  When the consolidation of the three villages was first suggested there was protests from the villages and each based objection on the theory that fractional struggles would destroy self-government.  Since then, however, an educational campaign has been carried on with the result that more people are of the opinion that the one municipality can be operated at far less expense than at present, it is said.  The Men's club has already placed itself upon record as opposing the Westchester county government plan unless small municipalities are guaranteed self government.  They also see danger of a further expansion of Greater New York which will include much of Westchester county.  At tonight's meeting the question will be discussed from every angle and the result given to the public, it is declared."

Source:  Pelham -- MERGING 3 VILLAGES TO BE CONSIDERED AT MEETING TONIGHT, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Apr. 10, 1923, p. 12, col. 2.  

"To Sound People's Views As to Consolidating Three Pelham Villages

North Pelham, April 17 -- The Men's Club of the Pelhams has passed a resolution appointing a committee of fifteen to hold public hearings on the question of the consolidation of the villages of North Pelham, Pelham, and Pelham Manor, as a protective measure against the Westchester County government commission, which, it fears, will deprive the villages of much of their local governing powers if passed.  The committee consists of David Lyon, John T. Brook, Thomas Kennett, Roy P. Brainard, F. C. Henderschott and Dr. Russell K. Bryer of North Pelham; Judge William L. Ransom, Robert A. Holmes, Howard Davis, Benjamin L. Fairchild, and Merton C. Robbins of Pelham, and Harry T. Grant, Lawrence F. Sherman, Richard H. Lee and R. Clifford Black of Pelham Manor.

The committee in the report submitted said in part:

'It is averse to the feelings of many of us to think of the Pelhams as a city.  As an alternative, we might adopt the city charter and operate under the title of a district council, embracing all three villages and having representation according to assessed valuation.  Thus none of the component parts of the district would lose their individuality -- it would still be Pelham Manor, Pelham and North Pelham, although the governing body might be termed the Pelham district council.  By some plan of this nature we can prevent our village government being taken from us, we can retain our own powers of taxation and expend our town moneys raised by such taxation, if there is a deep sentiment for such consolidation.  In closing this report, your committee begs further to state that the vigor with which the Wallin commission plan is being pushed makes it a matter to be deeply considered, and we recommend that a committee of representative citizens of the Pelhams be formed now to ascertain the sentiment of the people toward a consolidation or what other protective steps be taken.'"

Source:  To Sound People's Views As to Consolidating Three Pelham Villages, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Apr. 17, 1923, p. 12, cols. 3-4.  

"North Pelham Officials Oppose Merger Plan
-----

North Pelham, April 24 -- Resolved, that the board of trustees of North Pelham is opposed to any consolidation wherein representation is based on assessed valuation.  It is the opinion of this board that representation of this character is contrary to the spirit of the constitution of the United States.  This motion made by Trustee Johnson of Chester Park, was unanimously carried by the village board.  The action came in answer to the report of the committee appointed by the Men's Club of the Pelhams appointed to investigate the Westchester county government of the Pelhams; and if the home rule of the Pelhams is jeopardized, to suggest a remedy.  Portions of the findings of the committee were published in these columns last week, but to get a proper focus of the situation it is herewith given in its entirety:

'Your committee to which was referred the work of investigating and making a report on the plan for creating a city of Westchester out of the present county of Westchester hereby begs to report as follows:  Early in 1922, Surrogate Judge George A. Slater, in addressing a gathering of school teachers in Port Chester declared his opinion in effect that before two years had passed Westchester county would adopt a form of government which would virtually make a city out of Westchester county.  This followed the approval by the voters at the fall election in 1921 of a proposition to change the form of government in Westchester and Nassau counties.  Judge Slater's speech was given a great deal more publicity than its casual utterance would seem to warrant and coincident with it came a renewed activity on the part of the county commission, a body which originally intended to formulate some plan for the improvement of Westchester county government, but had not accomplished anything definite since its organization in 1914.  Its membership at that time numbered seven.

'The city of Westchester plan as it was called, at once became a vital topic of discussion.  Its dangers to the Pelhams were realized as the plan then was stated to consider the abolition of the board of supervisors and its replacement as governing authority by a commission of five or a cabinet form of government, such as is in successful operation today in many second class cities.

'In an effort to defeat the plan the board of supervisors to abolish the county commission, and intense political activity was directed against this action so that it was lost, and soon afterward an act of the legislature on February 6, 1922, empowered the board of supervisors to enlarge the membership of the commission to thirty-two and gave to the commission powers to expend such amounts of money as was deemed necessary to pursue investigation toward improving the county form of government.

'From out of their deliberations of almost a year has arisen one plan, definite, and with strong political backing, which will place the government of Westchester county in the hands of a county president, with almost despotic powers over the destinies of Westchester county.  At first this plan called for the creation of a commission of five, three of the members to be elected and two appointed by the county commissioner, thus giving the chief commissioner control of the board by his appointive power of two members.  Lately, in the face of opposition, this plan has been altered, and the tentative charter which is already in printed form, embraces a board of seven members.

'At the head of the board is the county president, an elective office.  With him are also elected a county vice-president and a county commissioner of finance.  The other four members of the board , a county commissioner of public welfare, a county engineer, a county attorney and a county sealer of weights and measures, are appointed by the county president, thus again centralizing the control in the hands of the president by virtue of his appointive power.  This has not yet been officially approved.  The charter is only tentative.

'The text of the charter is virtually the same as that under which cities of the second class operate, such as Yonkers, for instance.  Its first intent was to make of the board of supervisors purely a legislative body, and subject all its acts to the veto of the county commissioner, but the late plan now makes it possible for the supervisors to pass an ordinance over the president's veto by a three-fourths majority of all the members of the board of supervisors.

'In this plan, known as the Wallin plan, by reason of its sponsor being ex-Mayor William Wallin of Yonkers, a board of estimate consisting of the president and commissioner of finance, county attorney and county engineer, has control over all financial matters of the county.

'An alternative plan has been submitted by Commissioner Morse which retains the board of supervisors as the executive control of the county.  In this plan the county president is elected by a county wide vote, the number of supervisors is reduced from 41 to 17, this reduction being accomplished by grouping all townships of less than 10,000 population, and naming them districts for the election of a single supervisor.  Under this plan Pelham would be grouped with Eastchester in one district.  The representation of the cities to be based on assessed valuation.  There would be no board of estimate and apportionment.

'In connection with the Wallin plan, it must be remembered that Mr. Wallin has gone on record publicly as stating that the plan is elastic enough to take over the administration of village government if such a course is deemed necessary.  Wherein does the proposed county commission plan of government hold anything at all of benefit to the Pelhams?  We are told in a large way that the centralization of authority also means a centralization of responsibility, but what assurance have we that we can find the right man to assume all this responsibility which will go with the office of county president, especially as the office is a political one and politics is today more a matter of popularity than of merit.  The centralization of so much authority in one man may be good in business but politics is not business and generally speaking, political authority is used as a means of handing out patronage to a favored crowd who are looking for soft jobs at the taxpayers' expense.

'We would perhaps favor consolidation of government in Westchester county if various cities, towns and villages which lie within its boundaries had grown to such an extent that the population was congested, the various districts overlapped each other and conditions prevailed such as are generally found today in real cities.  In that case the many units of government in Westchester would conflict with the other.  That however, is not the case.  The smaller units of government deal with clearly defined territories each an entity in itself and each enjoying the advantages of a 'close-to-home' government, the fundamental idea of democracy.

'We cannot see where the centralization of executive and financial of the county at White Plains can hold out any advantages to the Pelhams, and we wish to go on record as strongly opposed to it.  The opposition to the county commission plan has caused Scarsdale to prepare as a protective measure, legislature which if carried out will give to it a city charter and thus retain for it its home rule.  This may be considered a panicky move having regard to the population and position of Scarsdale, but it is evidence that the inhabitants of Scarsdale are alive to their interests and do not intend to be caught napping.

'We might ask:  Wherein is the county commission plan inimical to the interests of the Pelhams?  In the tentative charter as printed and now under consideration by the county commission the powers of the board are started in part with a blank left for the insertion of specific grants of power.  This brings the mind back to the statement of the sponsor of the plan, William Wallin, that the powers of the commission would be elastic enough to take over the control of the villages. We believe that such a statement would not have been made unless there was a clear thought that at some future time such a course would be taken.  And if the commission is to be imbued with that power then residents and taxpayers in the villages will have no voice in the matter regardless of how much they might desire to protest against such a course of action.

'So we are faced with a plan which may take away our village government and we shall be governed from White Plains.  We wish to state emphatically that we consider this course inimical to the interests of the Pelhams.  We have a community here which has governed itself, raised and expended its own money in developing a beautiful, homelike community in which we delight to live, and we should be prepared to make a vigorous fight to retain our individuality.  With a commission of seven governing the county and a board of estimate of but five, what would be the probable expenditure of money in the Pelhams as compared to the amount raised here.  The demands of the cities with their larger voting power, always a consideration in a politically created body, would be the first to be met and the rest can be easily imagined.  At the present time may of the little complaints which are always cropping up, are remedied quickly by our village boards; under the county plan we may be compelled to go to White Plains where we should probably find that the man who had so much responsibility centered on him would be too busy to listen to us.

'Another menace to our villages can be seen in the action taken recently by the city of New York which instructed a committee of experts to investigate and report on the desirablility of annexing all territory within 25 miles of the city hall, Westchester county is being looked upon with covetous eyes, and one of our villages may be the first to be sacrificed, as the annexing of villages does not present insurmountable obstacles, especially villages such as ours with low bonded indebtedness.  In a short time subways will branch out to Mount Vernon's business section, Yonkers and New Rochelle.  It is a logical happening.

'Is there any protective measure which might retain for us our home rule?  Scarsdale, as previously mentioned, has prepared legislation toward the creation of a city and by this method protecting itself.  Pelham is more favorably situated to accomplish the same thing.  We have three villages which have so grown together that the border lines have become indistinct -- we already have community institutions embracing the whole township of which the Men's club is one of the foremost, and one which could wield a vast influence in the matter.  We are today thinking in terms of Pelham as a whole rather than of any of the three villages.  Yet there continues a triplication and duplication of offices which we believe could be more economically administered under one head.  As a consolidated government more effective administration would result.

'It is averse to the feelings of many of us to think of the Pelhams as a city.  As an alternative, we might adopt the city charter and operate under the the title of a district council embracing all three villages and having representation according to assessed valuation.  Thus none of the component parts of the district would lose their individuality, it would still be Pelham Manor.  Pelham and North Pelham, although the governing body might be termed the Pelham District Council.

'By some plan of this nature we can prevent our village government being taken from us, we can retain our own powers of taxation and expend in our own town moneys raised by such taxation, if there is a deep sentiment for such consolidation.  In closing this report, your committee begs further to state that the vigor with which the Wallin commission plan is being pushed makes it a matter to be deeply considered, and we recommend that a committee of representative citizens of the Pelhams be formed now to ascertain the sentiment of the people toward a consolidation or what other protective steps be taken.'

It was the suggestion made above 'having representation according to assessed valuation' which caused trustee DeFreest to introduce his resolution.  There is a general opinion, however, that the resolution passed by the village board was unnecessary as the plan was only tentatively  suggested by the committee of the Men's club and the committee of fifteen which has been appointed with former village president Harry W. Nuckols of Pelham Manor at the head, will hold a series of meetings in the three villages and sound public opinion."

Source:  North Pelham Officials Oppose Merger Plan, The Daily Argus [Mount Vernon, NY], Apr. 24, 1923, p. 14, cols. 3-5.  

"COUNTY COMMISSION TO DISCUSS ALTERNATIVE PLAN OF MORSE'S
-----
New Proposal Seeks to Establish a County Board of Supervisors Superior to Present Town Board -- Will Be Discussed At Meeting At Commodore Hotel On Wednesday.
------

Members of the County Commission which is formulating a new plan for government of Westchester county will meet at the Commodore Hotel on Wednesday night at 6.30 o'clock.

Commissioner Morse will present an alternative plan for changing the present method of government.  The new scheme embraces a consolidation of some of the towns of the county and electing from such consolidated towns a county supervisor who would be a member of a board of county supervisors.

This plan contemplates the retention of the present town supervisors, and makes the county supervisor the representative of the consolidated districts.

Consolidation of the various towns would be made on a two-fold basis of population and assessed valuation.  By this means county government would be carried on by an elected county board of supervisors of 17.

At Friday's meeting of the Commission at White Plains, many sections of the Wallin plan were approved.  Judge Slater impressing on the members present that the new charter should be as simple as possible in preference to a lengthy document detailing all powers and duties of the various sub-boards which are proposed under the plan."

Source:  COUNTY COMMISSION TO DISCUSS ALTERNATIVE PLAN OF MORSE'S -- New Proposal Seeks to Establish a County Board of Supervisors Superior to Present Town Board -- Will Be Discussed At Meeting At Commodore Hotel On Wednesday, The Pelham Sun, Apr. 27, 1923, p. 1, cols. 1-2.  

"REPORT CHANGE IN WESTCHESTER CO. GOVERNMENT
-----
Committee of Fifteen Receive Comprehensive Statement on Activities of Commission
-----
Believe Also That Taxpayers Would Approve Right Plans for Consolidation of Pelhams
-----

The Committee of fifteen of the Town of Pelham which is keeping itself informed on the doings of the County Commission which is soon to present a new charter for government in Westchester County met at Memorial High School last night, Harry W. Nuckols of Pelham Manor presiding.

The sub-committee on the history of Westchester's government presented a voluminous report through its chairman, Lawrence F. Sherman.  It outlined the inception of government in Westchester and reported very fully the activities of the present county commission.  Mr. Sherman stated that he believed the government of Westchester could be improved but until the definite plan for the new form of government was presented to the Board of Supervisors by the Commission and was made public there was little that could be done.

Asked as to whether it was possible to place the charter before the people at this fall's election, Mr. Sherman said it was his opinion that it could not be brought before the voters until 1925.  He cited the attempt of Nassau County to get a new charter approved by the Legislature and its failure after many months of effort, and said he did not believe that even should a special session of the Legislature be convened to consider the matter of change of government the bill could not go through the various phases of government in time to be placed before the people this year.

The report was accepted and turned over to The Pelham Sun office for inspection of anyone interested.  The Committee will report to the Men's Cub at its first fall session in October.

The second phase of the activities of the Committee of fifteen deals with the consolidation of the Pelhams.  This was discussed informally and it was the general belief of the members of the committee that a consolidation could be effected with a saving to the taxpayers and a definite plan which would show these advantages would receive the approval of s sufficient number of the taxpayers to make it feasible."

Source:  REPORT CHANGE IN WESTCHESTER CO. GOVERNMENT -- Committee of Fifteen Receive Comprehensive Statement on Activities of Commission -Believe Also That Taxpayers Would Approve Right Plans for Consolidation of Pelhams, The Pelham Sun, Sep. 14, 1923, p. 1, col. 5.  


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Thursday, October 22, 2015

Merger of the Village of Pelham and the Village of North Pelham in 1975



In January, 1975, the United States was suffering through a devastating recession that had begun in November 1973.  A quadrupling of oil prices by OPEC and massive government spending due principally to the Vietnam War led to stagflation in the United States.  The country still was reeling from the oil crisis caused by the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo.  Moreover, the 1974 stock market crash was still fresh in the minds of Pelhamites as they watched with concern as inflation and unemployment rose.  The unemployment rate peaked at 9% in May, 1975.

There were, at the time, three villages that comprised The Pelhams:  Pelham Manor (incorporated in 1891); North Pelham (incorporated in 1896); and Pelham (known as the Heights and incorporated in 1896).  Pelham Manor had a substantial "industrial" area within the village but separated from most of the village by the Hutchinson River Parkway.  The Village of Pelham Manor had the lowest taxes of the three because the industrial area at that time provided the "bulk of the tax base."

Taxpayers in the villages of Pelham and North Pelham were unhappy with their tax situation and, of course, were feeling the effects of the recession raging about them.  There were pressures in Pelham and North Pelham to allow increased industrialization to improve the commercial tax base.  

Officials of both villages feared the effects that increased industrialization would have on the residential character of the area.  They realized, however, that they had to take steps to alleviate as best they could the tax pain felt by their residents.  The trustees of both villages decided on a bold move.  They proposed to merge the villages of North Pelham and Pelham into a new, larger village to be known as the Village of Pelham.

Town Supervisor Joseph A. Trotta said "The Pelhams will be just like a small city in 25 years."  Frank Milon, a trustee of the Village of North Pelham, said "In 25 years there will be one village.  It's the only way we can maintain our uniqueness.  We're surrounded on three sides by metropolitan areas -- New Rochelle on the north and east, Mount Vernon on the west and the Bronx to the south.  If they decide to expand, we might see a major change in the Pelhams."

The debate began.  Indeed, it was a spirited and vigorous debate with rowdy public hearings and vocal proponents and opponents mixing it up throughout the two villages.  Village officials hoped for annual savings of a quarter million dollars -- a substantial proportion of the combined annual budgets of both villages.  The bulk of the planned savings were expected to come from combining the two village police forces since the "First Fire District" (as it was called at the time) already combined to serve both villages.  Village officials believed that by combining the two police forces (which had some vacancies at the time that would not be filled and some planned retirements that would not be replaced), they could save $205,000 without laying off any employees.  

Opponents claimed that the claimed expected savings failed to account for substanial costs that would be incurred in combining the two police forces.  Among other things, opponents claimed that the figures ignored the need to incur additional expenses to create consistent uniforms, patches, and equipment across the two forces including the need to re-equip and re-paint police vehicles.

The battle raged while the Village of Pelham Manor watched.  The vote on the proposal was scheduled for January 30, 1975.  That day 55% of the eligible electorate turned out for the vote, a very high turnout.  When the votes were counted, the proposition easily passed 1,519 to 417.  About 78% of the voting public supported the proposal.  It turned out that although the opposition had been vigorous and loud, it was a vocal minority that opposed the merger.

Within days other municipalities looked to the Pelhams for leadership.  Indeed, the local newspaper in Tarrytown, The Daily News, editorialized as follows:

"But in times like these, when economic considerations have taken on heightened importance, the implications of maintaining virtually duplicate municipal functions may be examined with a bit more objectivity than heretofore. . . . NO DOUBT the time has come for another look-see in the Tarrytowns."

Today's Pelhamites know the rest of the story.  The two villages merged in June 1975.  Most importantly, the residential character of the small Town of Pelham was preserved.




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Below is text from a handful of the myriad news articles that appeared in 1975 about the merger of the two villages.  Each is followed by a citation and link to its source.

"In Unity They May Find Hope

by JAMES R. ASENDIO

'It's only a dream, but I think we can do it,' said Joseph A. Trotta, supervisor for the Town of Pelham, as he offered his predictions for Pelham's future.

'The Pelhams will be just like a small city in 25 years.  Our government will be efficiently run, using modern systems and methods.  We'll be able to keep the character of the area while also keeping taxes low.'

Referring to Pelham's diverse population, he said, 'The town is good for both young and old.  The livability of the Pelhams is suitable for all backgrounds and incomes.  People here like the atmosphere of a small community.  If we can keep costs and expenses stable, we can stay like we are.'

Supervisor Trotta's dream is shared by many of the area's nearly 14,000 residents.  They represent three villages, North Pelham, Pelham and Pelham Manor, with populations of 5,000, 2,000 and 7,000 respectively.

THE ELECTED representatives of the villages, mayors and trustees alike, echo the residents' feelings.  Maintaining the atmosphere of the Pelhams is central to their remarks.  

Mayor John S. Johnson of North Pelham, said, 'We have a very stable population, who desires the area to remain essentially the same.  We've held the line against urbanization since 1936.  I think we can continue to do so.'

The villages of North Pelham and Pelham are presently engaged in merger proceedings.  The trustees proposed the merger as a step toward efficient government and tax savings.

RESIDENTS will vote on Jan. 30 on the merger.  If passed, it will signal a new era for the area, perhaps, as some hope, establishing the groundwork for the eventual merger of the new village with Pelham Manor.

Mayor Jennings T. Smith, of Pelham Manor, said, 'If we can control the tendency to industrialize, as is the case when an area gets larger, we can remain essentially the same.  The citizens of the villages must decide that question.  I believe they prefer a residential area and will keep it that way.'

Pelham Manor is the wealthiest of the three villages while also having the lowest taxes.  An industrial area, within the village's boundaries but separated from the residential community by the Hutchinson River Parkway, provides the bulk of its tax base.

Frank Milon, a trustee for North Pelham, said, 'In 25 years there will be one village.  It's the only way we can maintain our uniqueness.  We're surrounded on three sides by metropolitan areas -- New Rochelle on the north and east, Mount Vernon on the west and the Bronx to the south.  If they decide to expand, we might see a major change in the Pelhams.'

According to officials, commercial development in the Pelhams will be confined to the occasional grocery store and the corner gas station.

IF THE PROPOSED merger of North Pelham and Pelham is passed, their police departments will be consolidated.  Such a move is expected to save $205,000, in the first year of the merger, due to staff reductions and other economies, according to officials.

James R. Asendio is a staff writer for The Standard-Star, New Rochelle."

Source:  Asendio, James R., In Unity They May Find Hope, The Daily News [Tarrytown, NY; Westchester Commerce & Industry Report Section C], Jan. 21, 1975, p. C30, cols. 1-8
"2 Villages Near Decision on Merger

By JAMES ASENDIO

A merger, be it among corporations or municipalities, is somewhat like a marriage.  Both partners should know the others's [sic] strengths and weaknesses before consummating the union. 

Many residents of North Pelham and Pelham fear the proposed merger of the two villages and believe it will end up on the rocks due to lack of information.  They attribute this dearth of knowledge to their respective board of trustees.

The voters will cast ballots on Jan. 30 to decide the issue.  Many have said the decision will not be an easy one.

IN PROPOSING the merger, the trustees presented the voters with a projected savings and an outline of the new 'Village of Pelham' but did not provide a detailed plan for accomplishing the merger. 

While stating their [sic] support of the merger, the residents asked why no detailed plan was made.  A North Pelham resident said 'in many ways, this is more serious than a marriage.  If this doesn't work out, we can't dissolve it.'

Village of Pelham Trustee Frank J. Milon said, 'I believe we've provided sufficient information.'  North Pelham trustee Albert Zuzulo added 'they trust us to run the village, why can't they trust us now.'

Questions linger and confusion is growing despite two public hearings on the issue.  Characterizing the trustees' answers as 'skimpy' and 'lacking in particulars' one Pelham resident said.  'I still don't know if I'm winning or losing with this thing.'

The trustees said the new board, to be elected in March and installed in June, would be responsible for the actual consolidation process.  Any decision made by the present trustees, they said, would not be binding to the new board.

This means if the present trustees decide to locate the combined village office in the present Village of Pelham building on Sparks Avenue, the decision could be easily reversed by the incoming board.

RESIDENTS called on the trustees to postpone the vote until they could get more information to make a decision.  The trustees said this would be impractical. 

Under state law, the referendum must be held by the end of January for the merger to take effect in June of this year, the trustees said. 

They said a delay would mean losing the anticipated $250,000 savings for the 1975-76 fiscal year and the opportunity to merge while vacancies exist. 

The trustees calculated with consolidated municipal services would be able to save the $250,000 through the elimination of 12 employe [sic] positions.  They said the eliminations would be the result of 'present vacancies' and 'already announced retirement,' not by lay-offs.

A major portion of the projected savings would come from consolidation of the police departments, the trustees said.  Residents have questioned the trustees on this matter several times.

The residents want assurance that the quality of police protection they now enjoy would be maintained.  Several Pelham residents wondered if they were getting a bigger crime problem by merging with North Pelham. 

NEITHER of the police chiefs has been consulted concerning the merger, it was learned.  The chiefs noted concerns about the seniority listing of officers in a combined department; coordination of uniforms and equipment, and charting of new patrol sectors. 

None of the trustees' figures included the costs of equipping the combined department with new uniforms, shields or repainting of police equipment, one resident pointed out.

He also wanted to know how a new chief would be chosen and if the combined department would have police officers paid according to their respective contracts.  Pelham policemen have a higher starting salary under present contracts. 

Zoning and tax assessments also were brought up at the hearings by residents concerned that conflicts might exist between the two villages. 

Pelham has a stricter zoning code, according to the residents.  They wanted to know if their regulations would be maintained. 

The trustees said the conflicts would be settled by adopting the stricter regulation of the two.  This question is still a concern since the present trustees cannot dictated policy to the in-coming board. 

One resident said the basis of computing tax assessments in the two villages were [sic] different and asked if any correction of the situation would be effected.  Tax assessments, the trustees said, was a town function, not theirs. 

Under state law, the First Fire District would become part of the combined village.  The trustees said there would be no change in the service or organization of the fire department.

There might be a conflict in the future because the present board of fire commissioners can be replaced by the new board if it so desires.

The one humorous note concerning the merger is the choosing of a new name for the village.  The trustees are referring to the combined village as the 'Village of Pelham.'  Perhaps popular support of an alternative title would change their minds."

Source:  Asendio, James, 2 Villages Near Decision on Merger, The Herald Statesman [Yonkers, NY], Jan. 22, 1975, p. 9, cols. 1-7

"Weigh merger

CONSOLIDATION of the Tarrytowns, unmentionable here for decades, may be an idea worthy of resurrection at this time. 

Voters this week overwhelmingly approved a proposition to consolidate the villages of North Pelham and Pelham into a single community.  Such a development was as unlikely there over the years as in the Tarrytowns.

But in times like these, when economic considerations have taken on heightened importance, the implications of maintaining virtually duplicate municipal functions may be examined with a bit more objectivity than heretofore. 

Indeed in the Pelham communities, where passions and political considerations run as deeply as here, the vote was 1,519 in favor of consolidation and only 417 against as 55 percent of the electorate went to the polls.  It was an impressive performance. 

NO DOUBT the time has come for another look-see in the Tarrytowns."

Source:  Weigh Merger, The Daily News [Tarrytown, NY], Feb. 1, 1975, p. A6, cols. 1-2


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