Historic Pelham

Presenting the rich history of Pelham, NY in Westchester County: current historical research, descriptions of how to research Pelham history online and genealogy discussions of Pelham families.

Friday, March 31, 2017

William Jay Bolton's Stained Glass Windows in the Episcopal Church of the Holy Trinity in Brooklyn


William Jay Bolton was a son of the Reverend Robert Bolton, founder of Christ Church and owner of the Priory, built beginning in 1838.  His mother was Ann Jay.  The Priory, in Pelham Manor, has been known as The Priory, Bolton Priory, Pelham Priory, the Priory School for Girls, and Pelham Priory for Girls.  It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

William Jay Bolton was born in Bath, England.  He attended an evangelical school in Mill Hill near London and then attended Cambridge University.  In 1836, he and his family moved to Eastchester in Westchester County, New York.  In about 1838, the family moved to Pelham and began to build the Priory.  About 1839, famed author Washington Irving (a family friend), introduced William Jay Bolton to Samuel F. B. Morse.  He became a student of Morse at the National Academy of Design as he honed his skills as a talented artist.  According to one account:

"In 1841 Bolton went to Europe where he saw masterpieces of art, mostly in Italy. Here he did many drawings and sketches of these and bought art for the family home. In 1842 Bolton returned to Pelham where he earnestly began his work in stained glass. Here he had a small shop at the rear of a house near the "Pelham Priory," the Gothic Revival family home in Pelham. The equipment he had to work with was sparse. He had a muffle kiln, which was used for firing his work after he painted details on the coloured glass. Bolton's younger brother John (1818–1898) assisted him in making and designing stained glass."

Source:  "William Jay Bolton" in Wikipedia:  The Free Encyclopedia (visited Mar. 19, 2017).

William Jay Bolton was an exceptional artist eventually admitted to the National Academy of Design.  He taught himself the art of stained glass by creating a few small panels for the windows of the Priory.  He later created for Christ Church a monumental stained glass masterwork entitled "Adoration of the Magi."  It was the first figural stained glass window created in America.  (See image later in this article.)  The "Adoration of the Magi" figural stained glass work was completed and in place by the time the church was consecrated on September 15, 1843.  This work preceded his master work, the extensive stained glass windows at the Holy Trinity Church in Brooklyn, New York.



"Miriam and Jubal," Painted and Stained Glass Window by
William Jay Bolton with Assistance of His Brother, John
Bolton, Installed in Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn, New York.
Source:  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, William Jay Bolton.
NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

William Jay Bolton moved to England in about the late 1840s where he opened a stained glass studio in Cambridge.  After the death of his first wife, he ceased his stained glass work and became an ordained minister in an Anglican Church in about 1853.  He was Vicar of Stratford East Church in London from 1866 to 1881.  He also was associated with St. James Church in Bath from 1881 to 1884.  He died in Bath in 1884.  Se"William Jay Bolton" in Wikipedia:  The Free Encyclopedia (visited Mar. 19, 2017).

William Jay Bolton's stained glass works in the Holy Trinity Church in Brooklyn are considered his masterworks.  The church, with its masterful Bolton windows, still stands at Montague and Clinton Streets, Brooklyn.  There are fifty windows in the series.  All were not only designed by William Jay Bolton, but also were personally executed by him.  Some believe he was assisted in the execution by a brother, John Bolton.  The church opened in 1847, although the Bolton stained glass windows reportedly were not complete at the time the church first opened.  According to one account, "neither the exact date of completion nor their original cost is recorded."

Today's posting to the Historic Pelham Blog transcribes the text of an extensive article published in 1933 about the Bolton windows.



"WILLIAM JAY BOLTON, A. N. A. 1816-1884"
NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.



"Adoration of the Magi," America's First Figural Stained Glass Window.
Created by William Jay Bolton for Christ Church, Pelham Manor, NY.
NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.



Bolton Cottage Used by William Jay Bolton as a Stained Glass
Studio During the Mid-19th Century, Since Razed.  Source: Courtesy
of the Office of the Historian of the Town of Pelham.  NOTE:
Click on Image to Enlarge.



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"Art Treasures in Church Windows
Rare Examples of Stained Glass Adorn Windows of Brooklyn Heights Church
By Esther A. Coster

STAINED glass has always made a strong appeal to lovers of beauty, not only for the fascinating play of color but for the romance that still surrounds the art in its most glorious period.  Many of the secrets of the matters of the Middle Ages have been lost, although modern craftsmen have evolved beauties in glass with increasing skill.

One of the stories showing the value placed upon stained glass windows is that of the capture of Francis I at the battle of Pavia and the subsequent demand that part of the ransom should consist of a specified window of the Middle Ages are still treasured and their loss or injury considered a national calamity.

In the Episcopal Church of the Holy Trinity at Montague and Clinton Streets, Brooklyn, are some of the finest examples of stained glass windows in this country, and they are considered by art authorities to compare most favorable with the best of European glass.  These are all the work of one man, William Jay Bolton, who not only designed but personally executed the entire series of fifty windows.

His method was one essentially his own, being closely akin to the old Flemish manner with the design painted and fired into ground or colored glass, using the strong simple colors of the great artificers of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth centuries.  His colors are clear, strong and exceedingly brilliant.  His leads are so placed that they enhance rather than interrupt the drawing, and his shadows distributed with full understanding of the effect of light shining through rather than of realistic lines.

These windows are placed along the sides of the church, one set below and one above the gallery, in both sides of the clerestory, and in the choir loft.  The climax of the series is the huge chancel window of many panels, representing the 'Glorification of Christ,' often called 'The Ascension.'

The windows portray history as given in the Bible, the clearstory, giving Old Testament scenes beginning with Adam driven out of Eden.  Above the gallery the series is continued with the life of Christ, the original crayon drawing of the Babe for 'Adoration' being one of the treasured possessions of the church.  Below the gallery the windows deal with the genealogy of Jesus, closing with 'Joseph-Mary-Christ.'  The Tree of Jesse serves as a connecting thought in all.  In the choir are the four writers of the Gospels.

The windows as well as the church building were due to the foresight, devotion and generosity of Edgar John Bartow, one of the wealthy men of his time whose dream was to build and equip a beautiful church which should be free in every sense.  The Gothic design with its flamboyant stone tracery for the windows was the work of Minard Lafever.  His design was more simple than the donor at first desired, but the building, formally opened in 1847, remains today essentially as Lafever left it.  Unfortunately financial reverses prevented the complete fulfillment of Mr. Bartow's dream.

The windows were not completed when the church was opened, and neither the exact date of completion nor their original cost is recorded.  However, some indication of the difficulty in replacing Bolton's work is found in a recent accident to one of the choir loft windows.  Boys casting stones at pigeons pierced one of the windows through both the exterior protecting glass and the precious inner color.  A piece that happened to be the head of one of the Apostles was shattered.  The best expert available was engaged and at a cost of much study, considerable time, and $40 the small piece was restored as closely as possible to its original appearance.

The late Otto Heinigke, one of the leading stained glass workers of his time, said in January, 1906, of these windows:  'There is nothing in this wide country so worthy of our effort at preservation as this valuable work of one of our pioneers, based as it is on the best traditions of a most influential phase of the art, the Flemish style of glass painting.  Let us pray for the quality of courage that this man displayed when he dared to do such work.'

In the vestibule is a window of more modern date and type, but even the veriest amateur must at a glance note unfavorably the contrast in color and craftsmanship with the Bolton glass.

These windows of Holy Trinity belong in a class of which only four outstanding examples exist, and which are described as 'shrines of the glass lover.'  These are in Sainte Chapelle in Paris, Fairford near Oxford, Egmontiers and Sainte Foye at Conches.  Holy Trinity's windows are catalogued by foreign critics
-----
(Continued on page 17)

Art Treasures in Church Windows
-----
(Continued from page 7)

among the art treasures worthy of attention by visitors to this country, and are listed as one of the worthwhile 'sights' of New York City.

The artist Bolton was grandson of an Englishman  who settled in Georgia and became a prosperous planter.  His father was a clergyman who lived for some years in England where William was born, in 1816.  The family returned to American in 1843 and erected Bolton Priory at Pelham, Westchester County.  There, anticipating the William Morris movement, they developed art and handicrafts.  William turned his attention to stained glass and executed some of the windows in Bolton Priory.  These and the Holy Trinity windows are the chief examples of his work in America, as he established a glass studio in Cambridge, England, soon after the Trinity windows were completed.  There he restored the windows in King's College Chapel, Cambridge.

Dr. Robert L. Dickinson, one of the enthusiastic admirers of the work of Bolton and Lafever and to whom the church owes the collection of photographs and drawings of the windows, told of a visit he made to England to visit a daughter of Bolton, who though bedridden for many years recovered sufficiently to visit America to see the windows of which her modest father had never spoken.

In her garret home Dr. Dickinson discovered the drawing of the baby for the 'Adoration' window, which had been lost for sixty years, and brought it back to become one of Holy Trinity's historic treasures.  

The Gethsemane window with its three panels is one of the designs that is planned especially to be viewed at a distance.  In this also in one of those 'asides' introduced as a personal link between the artist and the beholder.  Dr. Dickinson speaks of this as 'the dove, the spirit of peace, dropping down out of the dark toward the lonely figure that kneels in the central panel.'

Above the panels of every window is a marvelous rose window effect with each small inset of glass perfect in design and color and allied in significance with the window beneath.  In many of the windows the text in the Bible upon which the design is based is painted in the glass.

The entire interior of the church glows with the rich color that flows through the glass.  One's first impression is of a very limited palette of strong hues, but then the delicate shadings become evident and give an indescribable effect of harmony and peace."

Source:  Coster, Esther A., "Art Treasures in Church Windows -- Rare Examples of Stained Glass Adorn Windows of Brooklyn Heights Church" in The Eagle Magazine, pp. 7 & 17 Section G. of The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Oct. 8, 1933 (Brooklyn, NY).  

Immediately below are black and white images of some of the Bolton windows that were published with the article above, on page 7 of The Eagle Magazine.  





NOTE:  Click on Images to Enlarge.

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I have written before about William Jay Bolton and his stained glass creations.  For a few of many examples, see:

Fri., May 08, 2015:  More About William Jay Bolton of Pelham: Creator of First Figured Stained Glass Windows in America.  

Wed., Sep. 24, 2014:  Where Was the Bolton Family Cottage Where Stained Glass Windows Were Created?

Tue., Oct. 09, 2007:  Biographical Data About William Jay Bolton of Pelham.

Fri., Jan. 19, 2007:  The Harp of Pelham: A Book Published in 1844 by William Jay Bolton of Pelham Manor.

Mon., Apr. 4, 2005:  Art and Poetry of William Jay Bolton of Bolton Priory in Pelham.

Thu., Apr. 7, 2005:  Another Volume of William Jay Bolton's Sketches and Ruminations Located? 

Fri., Apr. 1, 2005:  The Earliest Newspaper in Pelham?

Archive of the Historic Pelham Web Site.
Home Page of the Historic Pelham Blog.
Order a Copy of "Thomas Pell and the Legend of the Pell Treaty Oak."

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Thursday, February 09, 2017

Obituary of Cornelius Winter Bolton Published on August 30, 1906


Cornelius Winter Bolton was a son of the Rev. Robert Bolton who founded Christ Church in Pelham Manor.  C. W. Bolton served for many years as the Rector of the Church of the Redeemer in the area once known as Pelhamville (later, the Village of North Pelham). 

I have written before about Rev. Cornelius Winter Bolton and the Church he served for so long.  See, e.g.:

Mon., May 09, 2016:  More on the History of the Church of the Redeemer in Pelhamville Including a Photograph of the First Building it Used

Wed., Nov. 11, 2015:  The Laying of the Cornerstone of Pelhamville's Church of the Redeemer on June 21, 1892.

Fri., May 02, 2014:  Early History of the Church of the Redeemer in the Village of North Pelham

Fri., Feb. 28, 2014:  Brief History of the Role Churches Played in the Growth of the Pelhams Published in 1926.

Thu., Feb. 21, 2008:  Obituary of Cornelius W. Bolton Published in 1906.  

Wed., Nov. 08, 2006:  The Time Capsule in the Cornerstone of the Church of the Redeemer in the Village of North Pelham.

Wed., Mar. 15, 2006:  A Biography of Cornelius W. Bolton Published in 1899.

Mon., Mar. 07, 2005:  What is That Bell Resting on a Stone Pedestal in Front of the Richard J. Daronco Townhouse at 20 Fifth Avenue?

Cornelius Winter Bolton was born in Bath, England on June 3, 1819, a son of Rev. Robert Bolton (1788-1857) and Anne Jay Bolton (1793-1859).  He moved with his family as a young man to the Bronxville area in Westchester County in 1836 while his father preached at St. Paul's Church in nearby Eastchester.  In 1838, the family began construction of The Priory in today's Pelham Manor and soon moved to their new home and built Christ Church adjacent to The Priory.  Rev. Robert Bolton became the first Rector of the new Christ Church.

In 1844, the family sent Cornelius Winter Bolton to the Theological Seminary of Virginia.  After his ordination, he returned to The Priory and helped his father preach at Christ Church.  In 1848, he became an assistant minister of Christ Church in Baltimore, Maryland.  He served there for about four years.  

In 1856, C. W. Bolton returned to The Priory in Pelham Manor.  He married Cornelia Van Rensselaer, a daughter of Cornelius G. Van Rensselaer.  He remained in Pelham for about two years, but was was called to Kingsbridge, New York, which was the scene of his labors the next year. After this he was in mission work, at St. George's Church, New York city, for six and a half years, and from there went to Mount Kisco and, then, Armonk, New York.  Finally he became the Rector of The Church of the Redeemer in Pelhamville, where he remained until his death on Tuesday, August 28, 1906.  



Undated Photograph of Rev. Cornelius Winter Bolton.
NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.



1910 Post Card View of the Original Church of the Redeemer.
NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

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Below is the text of an obituary of Cornelius W. Bolton published in The Bronxville Review on August 30, 1906.  It is followed by a citation and link to its source.

"REV. C. W. BOLTON DIES AT NORTH PELHAM
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Aged Clergyman was well known in This Village -- Aged 87 Years.
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The Rev. Cornelius Winter Bolton, rector of Christ Church, North Pelham, the oldest active clergyman in Westchester County, died Tuesday at the age of eighty-seven.  He came of a family which is famous in the Church of England for its clergymen and writers.  His father was an Episcopal clergyman born in Savanah [sic], Ga., and his mother was Miss Jay, of Bath, England, daughter of an Episcopal clergyman.

Dr. Bolton was born in Bath and came to America with his parents in 1836.  The family settled in Bronxville Westchester County, where the father bought a farm.  As a boy Dr. Bolton took produce to the New York market in a cart.

In 1844 he was sent to the Theological Seminary of Virginia.  After being ordained he returned to the old Pelham priory, remaining a year to help his father preach.  In 1848 he went to Christ Church, Baltimore, where he remained six years.  He returned to the Priory in 1856 and married Miss Cornelia Van Rensselaer.

At the age of eighty Dr. Bolton built a $20,000 structure, paid for it and consecrated it.  He never drew a large salary but he was always finding others to help who were poorer than himself.  One of his sayings was:  'It is the beggar who keeps the beggar alive.'

Dr. Bolton was very well known in this village.  For several years he was vice-president of the agricultural society.  For many years he has exhibited dahlias at the county fairs and his exhibit at the fairs always attracted attention.

His funeral will be held on Friday when the body of his nephew, Lieut. Edward C. Bolton, of the 17th United States Infantry, will arrive in Pelham for military burial.  Lieu. Bolton was assassinated last Spring in the Philippines."

Source:  REV. C. W. BOLTON DIES AT NORTH PELHAM -- Aged Clergyman was well known in This Village -- Aged 87 Years, The Bronxville Review, Aug. 30, 1906, Vol. V, No. 36, p. 5, col. 1.  


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Monday, July 18, 2016

Obituaries of Two of the Bolton Daughters: Adele and Mary Bolton


Adele Bolton was one of the children of Reverend Robert Bolton (1788-1857), founder of Christ Church and builder of the Priory in the Village of Pelham Manor, and his wife, Anne Jay Bolton (1793-1859).  Mary Statira Bolton, a sister of Adele, returned to England and married Reverend John Rooker, rector for many years of a Protestant Episcopal church at Bristol, England.  Today's posting to the Historic Pelham blog provides a little more information about these two Bolton sisters and transcribes several obituaries that appeared after their deaths.   

For many years Adele assisted her older sister, Nanette Bolton, with administration of the Priory School for Girls that operated in the Priory for nearly forty years during the mid-19th century. Adele was born in Hennley-on-the-Thames, England in about 1830. Before the age of six, she and her family came to this country and settled briefly on a farm in today's Village of Bronxville.  In about 1838, her father and members of the Bolton family began building the family home in today's Pelham Manor, naming it the Priory.  Within a few years the family also built Christ Church near the Priory.  

I have written before about Adele Bolton.  See, e.g.:

Thu., Mar. 31, 2016:  Adele Bolton, a Founder of Grace Episcopal Church and Administator of the Priory School for Girls.

Fri., Apr. 01, 2016:  The Portrait of "Mrs. Bolton" Attributed to Thomas Gainsborough That Once Hung in The Priory of Pelham Manor.

Adele Bolton died in her home on January 24, 1911.  Her funeral was held in her beloved Christ Church, founded by her father and family, on Friday, January 27, 1911.  She was buried in Beechwood Cemetery.

Adele Bolton's sister, Mary Statira Bolton, returned to England.  There she married Reverend John Rooker who served for many years as rector of an Episcopal church in Bristol, England.  He later became Rector Emeritus of the church.  She and her husband had four children, one of whom died at the age of four:  Anne Rooker, John Rooker (who became an Episcopal clergyman like his father, Mary Statira Rooker, and James Jay Rooker (born 1862; died 1866).  

Mary Statira Bolton Rooker died in Kent, England on March 24, 1900.



Adele Bolton in an Undated Photograph.
NOTE: Click on Image to Enlarge.



Memorial Tablet Dedicated to Memory of Adele Bolton
Installed on Wall Within Grace Episcopal Church, City Island.
NOTE: Click on Image to Enlarge.

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Below is the transcribed text of a number of obituaries of Adele Bolton and her sister, Mary Statira Bolton Rooker, published in local newspapers.  Each is followed by a citation and link to its source.
"MISS ADELE BOLTON.

Miss Adele Bolton, daughter of the late Rev. Robert Bolton, who founded the old Bolton Priory at Pelham Manor, and sister of the late Rev. Cornelius Bolton, for many years rector of the Church of the Redeemer, at North Pelham, died last night at Pelham Manor.

She was born in Henley-on-the-Thames, England, in 1830, and when six years old came to this country with her parents.  She was educated in the institution her father founded and at an early age became engaged in religious work.  She formed the present Grace Episcopal Church, in City Island, in the 50's from a mission which then existed there.

The only near relative who survives her is Miss Frances Bolton, a sister, who lives in England.  The funeral will be held in Christ Church, Pelham Manor, to-morrow, at 3:15 p.m.  The burial will be in Beechwood Cemetery."

Source:  MISS ADELE BOLTON, New-York Tribune, Jan. 26, 1911, p. 7, col. 6 (NOTE:  Paid subscription required to access via this link).

"Obituary Notes. . . . 

Miss ADELE BOLTON, daughter of the late Rev. Robert Bolton, the founder of Bolton Priory at Pelham Manor, died on Wednesday night at Pelham Manor.  She was born in England in 1830 and came to this country at the age of six.  She helped to organize the present Grace Episcopal Church on City Island out of a mission she had started there in the fifties.  Her sister, Miss Frances Bolton, who lives in England, survives her."

Source:  Obituary Notes . . . Miss ADELE BOLTON, N.Y. Times, Jan. 27, 1911, p. 11, col. 5 (NOTE:  Paid subscription required to access via this link).

"Died. . . . BOLTON. -- At New Rochelle, N.Y., on Jan. 24, 1911, Adele, daughter of the Rev. Robert Bolton of Bolton Priory, Pelham Manor, N.Y., in her 81st year.  Funeral service at Christ Church, Pelham Manor, N.Y., on Friday, at 3:15 P.M.  Train leaves Grand Central Depot at 2:15 P.M. and Willis Av. 2 P.M., connecting with trolley at Pelham and Pelham Manor stations to Christ Church.  European and Southern papers please copy."

Source:  Died. . . . BOLTON, N.Y. Times, Jan. 26, 1911, p. 11, col. 6 (NOTE:  Paid subscription required to access via this link).

"DEATH LIST OF A DAY. . . . 

Mrs. Mary S. Rooker.

Mrs. Mary S. Rooker died in Kent, England, on March 24.  She was born at Pelham Manor seventy years ago.  She married the Rev. John Rooker, rector for many years of a Protestant Episcopal church at Bristol, England.  He has for some time been rector emeritus.  Mrs. Rooker was a daughter of the Rev. Robert Bolton, who lived at the Priory, Pelham Manor, in 1836.  She leaves one son, the Rev. John Rooker, two daughters, and a sister, Miss A. Bolton, who still occupies the Priory at Pelham Manor."

Source:  DEATH LIST OF A DAY. . . . Mrs. Mary S. Rooker, N.Y. Times, Apr. 11, 1900, p. 
9, col. 6 (NOTE:  Paid subscription required to access via this link).  

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I have written extensively about members of the Bolton Family and the home they built known as the Priory, Bolton Priory, and Pelham Priory.  Seee.g.:  

Fri., Apr. 01, 2016:  The Portrait of "Mrs. Bolton" Attributed to Thomas Gainsborough That Once Hung in The Priory of Pelham Manor.

Thu., Mar. 31, 2016:  Adele Bolton, a Founder of Grace Episcopal Church and Administator of the Priory School for Girls.

Wed., Mar. 09, 2016:  The Passing of an Era: The Bolton Family Sells The Priory in 1883.

Wed., Mar. 02, 2016:  Daughter of Priory School for Girls Instructor Who Attended the School Details History of Historic Pelham Manor Institution.

Fri., Mar. 20, 2015:  Fire in 1932 Devastated the Bolton Priory in Pelham Manor.

Tue., Jun. 23, 2015:  Nanette Bolton of the Priory School for Girls in Pelham Manor.

Thu., Oct. 02, 2014:  Brief History of Grace Church on City Island in the Town of Pelham Published in 1886.

Wed., Sep. 24, 2014:  Where Was the Bolton Family Cottage Where Stained Glass Windows Were Created?

Thu., Sep. 04, 2014:  The Closing of the Pelham Priory School for Girls in 1882 and the Departure of Head Mistress Nanette Bolton for Europe.

Fri., Aug. 29, 2014:  Announcement of Two-Day Fair in Pelham in 1842 to Raise Money to Build Christ Church.

Wed., May 14, 2014:  Noted American Novelist Margaret Deland Attended Bolton Priory School in Pelham Manor

Thu., Sep. 03, 2009:  Advertisement for the Pelham Priory School Published in 1881

Wed., Sep. 02, 2009:  The Bolton Family's Sale of Bolton Priory in 1883.

Thu., Aug. 13, 2009:  History of Bolton Priory Published in 1910.

Tue., Jan. 20, 2009:  An Account of the Rev. J. L. Ver Mehr Regarding His Brief Stint as an Instructor of French and Italian at Pelham Priory in 1843

Fri., Mar. 2, 2007:  A Brief Account by American Author Margaret Deland of Her Education at Pelham Priory in the 19th Century.

Thu., Dec. 14, 2006:  Items from Bolton Priory in the Collections of The Henry Luce III Center for the Study of American Culture, The New-York Historical Society.

Thu., Nov. 16, 2006:  Robert Bolton, Jr.'s Inscription to His Father Inside Book He Authored That Was Published in 1855.

Fri., Jul. 28, 2006: Image of Bolton Priory in the Town of Pelham Published in an 1859 Treatise on Landscape Gardening.

Wed., Jul. 26, 2006:  A Brief Account of Visits to Bolton Priory in the Early 1880s.

Wed., July 5, 2006: Bricks Laid by Washington Irving and Ivy from Kenilworth Castle at the Bolton Priory in Pelham Manor

Wed., March 15, 2006: A Biography of Cornelius W. Bolton Published in 1899

Wed., March 1, 2006: 1909 Real Estate Advertisement Showing Bolton Priory

Wed., Feb. 22, 2006: Doll Depicting Nanette Bolton in the Collection of The Office of The Historian of The Town of Pelham

Wed., Dec. 7, 2005: The Sale and Subdivision of the Bolton Priory Estate in the 1950s

Tue., Nov. 29, 2005: An Early, Interesting Photograph of Bolton Priory in the Village of Pelham Manor

Wed., Sep. 21, 2005: The Nanette Bolton Memorial Chapel Building at Christ Church in Pelham Manor

Tue., Aug. 23, 2005: Society Scandal: The "Strange" Story of Mrs. Adele Livingston Stevens Who Acquired the Bolton Priory in Pelham Manor

Wed., Jul. 13, 2005: 11 Priory Lane: The Rose Cottage

Fri., Jun. 10, 2005: Pelham's Most Magnificent Wedding Gift: The Bolton Priory

Tue., May 3, 2005: Colonel Frederick Hobbes Allen, An Owner of Bolton Priory in Pelham Manor

Thu., Apr. 7, 2005: Another Volume of William Jay Bolton's Sketches and Ruminations Located?

Mon., Apr. 4, 2005: Art and Poetry of William Jay Bolton of Bolton Priory in Pelham

See also Bell, Blake A., A Brief History of Bolton Priory in Pelham Manor, The Pelham Weekly, Vol. XIII, No., 16, Apr. 16, 2004, p. 8, col. 2.

I also have written about the history of Christ Church, an institution the history of which is integrally intertwined with that of the Priory, on numerous occasions.  Below are a few of the many articles on the topic.

Thu., Dec. 31, 2015:  Laying of the Cornerstone of the Parish House at Christ Church on June 10, 1928.

Thu., Nov. 12, 2015:  Charles Higbee, Eighth Rector of Christ Church in Pelham Manor, 1871-1893.

Tue., Oct. 27, 2015:  The Ghostly Gardener of Bolton Priory: A Pelham Apparition.

Tue., Oct. 20, 2015:  Address Delivered by Reverend Robert Bolton on April 28, 1843 at the Laying of the Foundation Stone of Christ Church.

Thu., Oct. 15, 2015:  The Creation of Christ Church and its Consecration on September 15, 1843.  

Tue., Sep. 29, 2015:  Christ Church's 80th Anniversary Sermon by Rev. J. McVickar Haight on November 18, 1923.

Fri., Nov. 21, 2014:  Another Advertisement for Fair Held in 1842 to Fund Construction of Christ Church.

Fri., Aug. 29, 2014:  Announcement of Two-Day Fair in Pelham in 1842 to Raise Money to Build Christ Church.

Fri., Feb. 28, 2014:  Brief History of the Role Churches Played in the Growth of the Pelhams Published in 1926.

Fri., Dec. 25, 2009:  1906 Christmas Day Celebration at Christ Church in Pelham.

Fri., Aug. 14, 2009:  The Consecration of the Nanette Bolton Memorial Chapel at Christ Church in Pelham Manor on April 28, 1887.  


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Wednesday, June 29, 2016

Caroline May, 19th Century Poet, Author, Editor, and Instructor at the Pelham Priory School for Girls



"And when the Pelham people say 
No woods so fair are known, 
Come hither some delicious day,
And make their creed your own."

From the Poem "Pelham Woods"
by Caroline May.

Recently I received an email inquiry regarding Caroline May, a 19th century poet, author, editor, and instructor at the Priory School for Girls in Pelham Manor.  Specifically, the inquiry noted that Caroline May was the author of a book of poems published shortly before the close of the Civil War with a preface written in November, 1864 from "Chestnut Cottage" in Pelham.  The email asked where Chestnut Cottage was located.  Another Pelham history mystery was born.  

Today's posting to the Historic Pelham Blog provides biographical information about Caroline May and proposes a likely location of "Chestnut Cottage," laying out the evidence in support of the hypothesis.  If the hypothesis is correct, the home still stands.

Although it is well known that Caroline May was a poet, author, and faculty member at the Priory School for Girls, I did not recall that Ms. May was associated with a residence known as "Chestnut Cottage" in Pelham.  A review of period maps listing home owners fails to shed any light on the matter.

Margaret Highland, Historian of the Bartow-Pell Mansion Museum recently wrote an important article that included significant information about Caroline May.  See Highland, Margaret, "In the Pelham Woods:  The Poets of Pelham Priory" in Mansion Musings:  Musings on the Preservation, Restoration, and Interpretation of this Historic House and its Gardens (visited Jun. 27, 2016).  

Caroline May was born in Croydon, England about 1820.  She was a daughter of the Reverend Edward Harrison May who brought her and the remainder of his family to New York in 1834.  Reverend May accepted a position as pastor of a Dutch Reformed church in New York City.  He later became Secretary of the American Seamen's Friend Society.

As a young woman in her twenties, Caroline May began to publish Victorian poems using the pseudonym "Caromaia."  For a few examples, see Caromaia, "Take, Therefore, No Thought for the Morrow -- Matt. 6:34" in Martin, S. T., ed., The Ladies' Wreath:  an Illustrated Annual for MMDCCCxLVIII-IX, Vol. 2, p. 250 (NY, NY:  Martyn & Ely, 1848-49); Caromaia, "To Nature" in Martin, S. T., ed., The Ladies' Wreath:  an Illustrated Annual for MMDCCCxLVIII-IX, Vol. 2, p. 206 (NY, NY:  Martyn & Ely, 1848-49); Caromaia, "True Friendship" in Martin, S. T., ed., The Ladies' Wreath:  an Illustrated Annual for MMDCCCxLVIII-IX, Vol. 2, p. 132 (NY, NY:  Martyn & Ely, 1848-49).

In 1848, May edited the volume "American Female Poets With Biographical and Critical Notices."  The book was republished on several occasions in a number of editions.  See, e.g., May, Caroline, ed., American Female Poets With Biographical and Critical Notices (Philadelphia, PA:  Lindsay & Blakiston, 1854).  The book was republished as late as 1869 as May, Caroline, ed., Pearls From the American Female Poets (NY, NY:  Allen Bros., 1869).  Historian Margaret Highland has written of the significance of this Anthology edited by Caroline May in her earlier years, saying:

"In 1848, in her late twenties, Caroline May published The American Female Poets, one of three similar anthologies that appeared in 1848–49, when there was a plethora of women poets, a rapidly developing American poetic tradition, and an enthusiastic market for verse.  The other anthologies — both edited by men and entitled The Female Poets of America —were by Rufus W. Griswold and Thomas Buchanan Read.  Editors often excluded women from general poetry collections because their work was considered too sentimental and less serious than men’s writing.  Subsequently, Miss May published several volumes of her own poems, exploring themes like nature, religion, personal relationships, and women’s experiences."

Source:  Highland, Margaret, "In the Pelham Woods:  The Poets of Pelham Priory" in Mansion Musings:  Musings on the Preservation, Restoration, and Interpretation of this Historic House and its Gardens (visited Jun. 27, 2016).

According to one brief biography of Caroline May, after her father's death in 1853 in Philadelphia, she moved to Pelham, New York, "where she taught school."  See "Caroline May" in Wikipedia - Thre Free Encyclopedia (visited Jun. 27, 2016).

The school at which Caroline May taught was the Priory School for Girls in Pelham Manor.  Indeed, in a collection of poems May published in 1888, she included a poem she once wrote for a group of girls who were graduating from the Priory School for Girls.  The poem was entitled "LINES (WRITTEN BY REQUEST FOR SOME PUPILS LEAVING SCHOOL AT THE PRIORY.)"  The poem is quoted in its entirety at the end of today's article, in addition to a number of other Pelham-related poems by Caroline May.

Though the records of the Priory School for Girls no longer exist, it seems that Caroline May taught there for quite some time -- perhaps from the 1850s until the school closed in 1881.  That cannot now be known with certainty.  There are, however, intriguing clues suggesting that May became close with both Nanette Bolton and Adele Bolton of the Priory School for Girls.  Indeed, it is possible that all three of the women worked on David's Island to minister to the needs of sick and wounded soldiers in the hospital facilities there during the Civil War.  See Highland, Margaret, "In the Pelham Woods:  The Poets of Pelham Priory" in Mansion Musings:  Musings on the Preservation, Restoration, and Interpretation of this Historic House and its Gardens (visited Jun. 27, 2016).  Indeed, Caroline May wrote a poignant poem about David's Island published in 1865.  The poem is quoted in its entirety with a citation and link below.

The poem "David's Island" appeared in a book of May's poetry published in 1865 entitled, simply, "Poems."  See May, Caroline, Poems (NY, NY:  Carleton, Publisher, 1865).  She signed a dedication of the book to her younger brother, Edward Harrison May, Jr., as written from "CHESTNUT COTTAGE, PELHAM, November, 1864.  See id. at p. v.  Similarly, in 1872 May published a book of Hymn lyrics based on Collects found in the Book of Common Prayer.  See May, Caroline, Hymns on the Collects For Every Sunday in the Year (NY, NY:  Anson D. F. Randolph & Co., 1872).  Once again, she signed an "Introductory Note" as written from "CHESTNUT COTTAGE, PELHAM, November 13th, 1872," suggesting (but not establishing) that May lived in a residence known as Chestnut Cottage in Pelham at least during the period from November, 1864 until November 13, 1872.  See id. at p. iv.

The references to Chestnut Cottage are, of course, intriguing.  Where was that cottage?  Does it still exist?

Placing Chestnut Cottage has been difficult.  A couple of very brief published references provide vague clues, however.  It appears that for a portion of the time Caroline May taught at the Priory School for Girls, she lived in Pelham Manor on the grounds of the Priory Estate.  For example, there are references to Caroline May as "of Pelham Manor, N.Y." published in 1891 and her obituary notes she died in 1895 in Pelham Manor.  See, e.g., "Art Notes" in The Critic, Mar. 21, 1891, No. 377, p. 160 (NY, NY:  The Critic Co., 1891) ("Two paintings by the late Edward May, an English artist long resident in Paris, have been presented to the Century Club by Miss Caroline May, of Pelham Manor, N.Y., a sister of the painter.").  See the obituary quoted in its entirety below as well.

Two other references shed even more light on the possible location of Chestnut Cottage.  A brief biography of Caroline May published in 1875 and 1881 editions of a popular encyclopedia stated that she resided "at Pelham, Westchester co., N.Y., on the grounds of Miss Bolton's 'Priory.'"  The biography published in 1875 read in full as follows:

"MAY, Caroline, an American authoress, born in England.  She is the daughter of the Rev. Edward Harrison May, for many years pastor of one of the Dutch Reformed churches of New York.  She has edited 'American Female Poets' (1848), with numerous biographical and critical notes; 'Treasured Thoughts from Favorite Authors" (12mo, 1851); 'The Woodbine'' (1852), an annual; and has published 'Poems' (1864), and 'Hymns on the Collects' (1872).  Miss May is also a painter and musician.  She resides at Pelham, Westchester co., N.Y., on the grounds of Miss Bolton's 'Priory.' -- Her brother, EDWARD H. MAY, is a painter of some celebrity in Paris."

Source:  "MAY, Caroline" in Ripley, George & Dana, Charles A., eds., The American Cyclopedia:  A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Vol. XI, p. 298 (NY, NY:  Appleton & Co., 1875).  See also "MAY, Caroline" in Ripley, George & Dana, Charles A., eds., The American Cyclopedia:  A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Vol. XI, p. 298 (NY,NY:  D. Appleton & Co., 1881) (similar text).  

This would seem to limit the potential structures that might have been Chestnut Cottage quite substantially.  Indeed, perhaps the only residential structure that stood on the Priory estate -- besides the Priory, of course -- in those years was the lovely cottage known today as the "Rose Cottage."  That structure still stands at 11 Priory Lane in the Village of Pelham Manor.  I have written about its mysterious history before.  See Wed., Jul. 13, 2005:  11 Priory Lane: The Rose Cottage.  



The Rose Cottage at 11 Priory Lane in April, 2012.
Source:  Google Maps.  NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.



Undated View of The Rose Cottage at 11 Priory Lane.
Source:  Town of Pelham Tax Assessor's Online Database.
NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

The precise date that the little cottage was built is unknown.  Nor is it known who built it.  It reportedly was standing in 1838 when Rev. Robert Bolton bought the grounds that became the Priory Estate.  He and his family reportedly lived in the cottage as they built the Priory beginning in 1838.  Portions of the cottage suggest that it may have been built as early as 1810.  

Local historians long have theorized that the cottage may have begun as an outbuilding of one of the Pell family members who lived in the area during the 18th and early 19th centuries.  If that is the case, then it is at least possible that the structure was associated with the Pell-Bayley-Kemble House located at 145 Shore Road.  Portions of that home that still stands were built by a member of the Pell family in about 1760.

There is a fascinating story told about the Rose Cottage at 11 Priory Lane.  Experts generally believe that the stained glass window in Christ Church depicting the "Adoration of the Magi" was the first "figured stained glass window" created anywhere in America.  One of Rev. Bolton's sons, William Jay Bolton, executed that window.  According to several authorities, "William Jay Bolton created a figured stained glass window of 'Abraham Sacrificing Isaac on the Altar' which he placed in the front door of the cottage. This window may pre-date the 'Adoration of the Magi' window in Christ Church.'"  If true, of course, this little cottage would be the site of the first figured stained glass window executed in the United States. 

To read more about the little Rose Cottage at 11 Priory Lane, see Village of Pelham Manor, Pelham Manor: A Tour Through Time -- A Self-Guided Tour in Honor of Pelham Manor's Centennial, p. 2 (1991).  See also The Junior League of Pelham, Inc., A Glance at the Past: Pelham's Growth From 1775-1975, pp. 8, 9, 11 (The Junior League of Pelham, Inc., Sep. 1976) (Pamphlet associated with accompanying map; 32 pp. including Map Bibliography, Manuscript Bibliography and illustrations by Hedy Klein).

It cannot be stated with certainty that the home known today as the Rose Cottage once was known as the "Chestnut Cottage" in which Caroline May lived and wrote.  Absent other more compelling evidence, however, there would seem to be a possibility that Caroline May lived and worked there.  Indeed, except for the carriage house associated with the Priory, the little cottage was the only other major outbuilding and certainly the only other residential building known to exist on the Priory Estate between about 1864 and 1872.  The evidence seems to support 11 Priory Lane as "Chestnut Cottage."

Caroline May had a younger brother named Edward Harrison May, Jr. who became a notable expatriate artist who lived and worked in Paris.  He was born in England in 1824 and died in Paris on May 17, 1887.  Although he studied civil engineering in the United States, he abandoned those studies for art and, according to one biography, he became:

"a pupil of Daniel Huntington, and later, in 1851, of Couture, in Paris, whose style is suggested in his later works.  During the Franco-Prussian war he was a captain of the American ambulance, aided the surgeons in attending the wounded, and received a medal for his services.  He was elected an associate of the National academy in 1876, and received a medal of the third class at Paris in 1855."  (See below for quote of entire biography.)  See also "Edward Harrison May" in Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia (visited Jun. 27, 2016).  



"Lady Howe Checkmating Benjamin Franklin," 
an Oil Painting by Edward Harrison May, Jr.
Painted in 1867.  NOTE:  Click on Image to Enlarge.

In addition to her work as a writer and a teacher, Caroline May was also an artist and musician.  She had some of her brother's paintings and donated several to various institutions.  She donated "Mary Magdalene at the Sepulchre" to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.  She also donated at least two of her brother's paintings to the Century Club in New York City.  

Many of Caroline May's poems were about Pelham.  Some are easy to spot.  For example, she published "Pelham Woods" in 1888.  That year she also published "From Alpine Heights To Heavenly" that deals with the death of Nanette Bolton, former headmistress of the Priory School for Girls, who closed the school in 1881 and moved to Switzerland.  Nanette Bolton died on August 6, 1884 at Sepey, Switzerland.  Caroline May also wrote Hymn lyrics for the dedication of the Christ Church Rectory in Pelham Manor which were included in a book she published in 1872.  Additionally, she wrote a poem about the pain, suffering, and fear of those sick and wounded soldiers treated in the hospital facilitiies of David's Island off the shores of Pelham where she, Nanette Bolton, and Adele Bolton worked during the Civil War.  Clearly Pelham inspired Caroline May.

Caroline May died in Pelham Manor on Tuesday, March 5, 1895.  Her funeral services were held on Thursday, March 7 at 3:30 p.m. at Christ Church, next to the Priory where she once had worked.

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Below is the text of a few published items regarding Caroline May.  Each is followed by a citation and link to its source.

"MAY, Caroline, author, b. in England about 1820.  Her father, Rev. Edward Harrison May, came to this country from England in 1834, and was for many years pastor of one of the Dutch Reformed churches of New York city.  She first wrote poems under the pen-name of 'Caromaia,' and has published 'American Female Poets, with Biographical and Critical Noties' (Philadelphia, 1848); 'Treasured Thoughts from Favorite Authors' (1850); 'The Woodbine, a Holiday Gift' (1852); 'Poems' (New York, 1864); and 'Hymns on the Collects' (1872).  She is also a painter and a musician, and now (1888) has a collection of poems ready for publication. -- Her brother, Edward Harrison, artist, b. in England in 1824; d. in Paris, France, 17 May, 1887, was brought to this country in childhood and studied civil engineering, which he abandoned for art, becoming a pupil of Daniel Huntington, and later, in 1851, of Couture, in Paris, whose style is suggested in his later works.  During the Franco-Prussian war he was a captain of the American ambulance, aided the surgeons in attending the wounded, and received a medal for his services.  He was elected an associate of the National academy in 1876, and received a medal of the third class at Paris in 1855.  His works include 'The Dying Brigand' (in the Philadelphia academy of fine arts); 'Christopher Columbus signing his Will in Prison'; 'Lady Jane Grey presenting her Tablets to the Goverrnor of the Tower'; 'Franklin playing at Chess with Lady Howe'; 'Moliere Reading'; 'Francis I lamenting the Death of his Son'; 'Ophelia'; 'L'Alsacienne'; 'Milton dictating to his Daughters'; 'Lady Eliza Pelham-Clinton as Marguerite'; 'Le Chanson'; 'By the \/4*Rivers of Babylon, or the Captive Jews' (in the Century club, New York); portraits of Laboulaye and Count Gasparin (in Union club, New York); 'Mary Magdalene at the Sepulchre' (presented by Caroline May to the Metropolitan museum, New York); 'Pursued'; 'Pandora'; 'Le lever de Mademoiselle'; and many other tableaux de genre and portraits."

Source:  "MAY, Caroline" in Wilson, James Grant & Fiske, John, eds., Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, Vol. IV:  Lodge-Pickens Revised Edition, p. 272 (NY, NY:  D. Appleton and Co., 1898).

"A BROKEN ARM.

Miss Caroline May, the poetess, met with a serious accident Thursday, in walking near the Priory, she slipped, and falling upon the ice, broke one of her arms.  The Rev. Mr. Higbee, residing near by, took Miss May in his carriage and drove to the office of Dr. Wells on Prospect street, where the broken limb was properly cared for."

Source:  A BROKEN ARM, New Rochelle Pioneer, Dec. 23, 1882, Vol. XXIII, No. 37, p. 2, col. 2.   

"LOCAL INTELLIGENCE. . . 

--In the next issue of the PIONEER will appear a poem entitled, 'My Chestnut Trees,' written by the well and favorably known poetess, Miss Caroline May, who for many years has made the Pelham Priory her home.  The subject of the poem, doubtless, was prompted by the romantic wild wood that surrounds the old Priory."

Source:  LOCAL INTELLIGENCE, New Rochelle Pioneer, Aug. 18, 1883, Vol. XXIV, No. 21, p. 3, col. 1 (NOTE:  The poem did not appear in any of the next several issues of the newspaper; it did, however, appear in "Lays of Memory and Affection" published in 1888, p. 139).   

"DIED. . . . MAY. -- On Tuesday, March 5, at Pelham Manor, N.Y., Caroline May.

Funeral services at Christ Church, Pelham, on Thursday, March 7, at 3:30 o'clock.  Carriages will meet train leaving 129th St. and 3d Ave. at 2:45 P.M."

Source:  DIED. MAY, N.Y. Times, Mar. 6, 1895, p. 5, col. 7 (NOTE:  Paid subscription required to access via this link).

*          *          *          *          *

Much of Caroline May's poetry -- particularly those poems touching on nature -- was inspired by the beauty of Pelham Manor where she lived.  Below is a collection of poems by Caroline May that relate directly to Pelham.


DAVID'S ISLAND.

ONLY four short years ago
And this Island in the Sound,
Was not linked with thoughts of woe,
Thoughts and feelings more profound 
Than could e'er be said or sung
By  prophet's burning tongue.

Merry parties sought its shores
In the idle summer-time,
Plied the waves with winged oars,
Whose light dip and measured chime,
Made the music more complete
Of gay songs, and voices sweet.

Then, when safely landed there,
Children danced upon the sward;
Happy lovers wandered, where
All their vows might be outpoured;
Artists sketched, with rapid hand,
Studies found on sea or land.

Dwellers on this isle were none
Save the natives of the wood;
Squirrels chattering in fun,
Stock-doves crooning o'er their brood,
Whistling quails, in thickets green,
Dreaming not of sportsmen keen;

Eagles from the loftiest tree,
Eagles, too, were seen to soar,
Glad to scream of liberty;
While upon the rocky shore,
Herons blue, with aspect grave,
Fished their prey from out the wave.

Only four short years ago
Nature there held sovereign sway;
What has changed the Island so --
Scared the gamesome tribes away,
Banished all the birds and bees,
Levelled all the forest trees?

Civil war has wrought the change;
Hark, the tattoo of the drums, 
Or the bugle's shrilly range,
When the morn or evening comes!
See the lines of gleaming walls,
Soldier's tents and hospitals!

Visit David's Island now, 
And in those pavilions white
You will feel your spirit bow
With strange sorrow, at the sight
Of the many sorts of pain
Horrid war brings in its train.

Feverish agony from wounds
That resist the surgeon's skill;
Wild delirium, dread swoons,
Intermitting heat and chill,
Hollow-eyed consumption, sure --
O deceiving hope -- of cure.

There, within each mournful tent,
You will see the matrons pale
With heroic courage, bent
On upholding hearts that fail,
Homesick hearts of soldiers brave
Trembling to approach the grave.

Gladly would they lay their lives
On their country's battle-field,
Where each warrior patriot strives
For the cause that blood has sealed;
Death is joy mid clash of swords,
Death is woe in fever wards.

See that lingering, yearning eye,
Full of matchless eloquence,
Asking -- Am I doomed to die, 
Must I soon be carried hence?
Tell me about God and heaven,
Tell me about sins forgiven!

Oh, sad mothers, doomed to lose
Sons as dear as your own souls;
Oh, sad wives, whose hearts must choose
Widows' tears and widows' doles,
Or give up the claim to be
Worthy of the just and free;

Mothers, wives and sisters sweet,
Prostrate with your bleeding hearts,
Prostrate at the Almighty's feet,
Till the storm of war departs,
And the rainbow Peace on high
Spans with joy your country's sky."

Source:  May, Caroline, "DAVID'S ISLAND" in Poems, pp. 211-14 (NY, NY:  Carleton, Publisher, 1865).  


"HYMN
Written for the dedication of the rectory at Pelham.

LORD, Thou hast been our dwelling-place
And wilt be evermore;
The shelter of They love and grace,
We cease not to adore.

But not for that alone, we lift
Our hearts and hymns above;
Our earthly dwellings are the gift,
Of They all-bounteous love.

And for this new delightful home,
With feelings love-imbued,
We send up to Thy heavenly dome,
Our songs of gratitude.

We dedicate it all to Thee! 
Come down, O Lord, we pray,
And with Thy peace and purity,
Hallow this house, to-day.

Bless Thou its walls, that they may keep
All dangers from within;
And be a rampart, sure and deep,
From sorrow and from sin.

Bless thou its windows; may our eyes
Look through them, Lord, to Thee, 
Hailing the light of Thy dear skies,
On every rock and tree.

Inscribe upon their diamond panes,
With beams of sun and moon, 
Remembrance of that world where reigns
One glorious, endless noon.

Bless Thou, O Lord, its entrance door;
In olden times gone by,*
It opened that the young and poor,
Their simple tasks might ply.

We would its threshold might be still
Free to young children's tread; 
Free to let in, with large good-will,
The poor who cry for bread.

And thus we dedicate with prayers
Thy servants' house to Thee,
Invoking for its joys and cares,
An unseen ministry,

Angels of Faith and Joy and Love:
Come down, O Lord, we pray
And with these angels from above
Possess this house to-day.

*A part of this rectory had formerly been a Charity-school."

Source:  May, Caroline, "HYMN Written for the dedication of the rectory at Pelham" in Hymns on the Collects For Every Sunday in the Year, pp. 149-51 (NY, NY: Anson D. F. Randolph & Co., 1872).


"PELHAM WOODS.

THERE are no woods like Pelham woods,
The Pelham people say;
So sunlit are their solitudes,
So shadowy, yet so gay.

For in that pleasant forest realm
Lives many a gallant tree;
The maple, beech, and graceful elm,
And hard-grained hickory.

Broad-breasted chestnut-trees stand there,
And hospitably treat
The squirrels, chipmunks, children fair,
With dainty nuts to eat.

Large families of fern unite
To make these woods their home,
And roaming maidens take delight
To pluck them as they roam.

And in the early Spring, or ere
St. Patrick turns the stone,
Pale wind-flowers, firstlings of the year,
Peep forth, so bravely lone.

Then in sweet groups come, by and by,
The violets, blue and white;
And tiny stars of Bethlehem vie
With dandelions bright.

And lords and ladies,* cloaked in green,
Stand proudly in the shade; 
Indifferent if they are seen,
Nor of neglect afraid.

And in the Pelham woods you meet
With boulders black and gray:
And moss-grown stones form many a seat
For those who thither stray.

And overspreading table-rocks
The moss and myrtle wreathe;
While mountains pink, and wild white phlox,
Grow in the rifts beneath.

All they who are by music stirred,
Should walk these woods in May,
Where many an unrhymed song is heard,
and many a roundelay.

The oriole's clear mellow flute,
The thrushes' fairy bell,
Will make your very breathing mute,
Lest you should break the spell.

----------
* Wild woodland plants.
----------

And they who love sweet scents to smell,
And fragrant floors to tread,
Whose rich-hued carpetings excel
Those by the Persians spread,

Should come when mild October weaves
Her web of red and gold,
And gives the south wind her gay leaves,
O'er forest paths to fold.

I've wandered there in Spring's glad prime,
And in the Autumn's glow,
But could not tell you at what time
It would be best to go.

And when the Pelham people say 
No woods so fair are known, 
Come hither some delicious day,
And make their creed your own."

Source:  May, Caroline, "Pelham Woods" in Lays of Memory and Affection The Seasons and the Sea The Beatitudes Etc., pp. 159-61 (NY, NY: Anson D. F. Randolph & Co., 1888).


LINES
(WRITTEN BY REQUEST FOR SOM PUPILS LEAVING SCHOOL AT
THE PRIORY.)

STILL am I dull and uninspired,
My gentle girls; and now I come
Simply to ask your honest pity,
Because the sprite that erst was fired
To sing within me, now is dumb,
And cannot pipe the poorest ditty.

Alas!  not dumb, I fear, but dead,
The breathless hush is so entire; 
My silent bosom aches with bearing
A spirit from whom life is fled;
I cannot steal ethereal fire
Prometheus-like, with winged daring.

If I could gain electric heat,
I might discover if, perchance,
(And oh, what gladness to discover!)
This state of stupor so complete,
Were but a death-like, dreary trance,
That may at any time pass over.

But I am no philosopher, 
I leave experiments to those
Who, like Barat. are skilled in science;
Nor do dare for shame aver
That I'm a poet; but plain prose
May plight to thee my warm affiance.

Soon will ye leave the Priory walls,
Where ye have spent such busy days
Of discipline, and studious pleasure; 
Heard the old bell ring through the walls
For morning work, or evening praise,
Or night's repose, a well-earned treasure.

How sweet will seem, in after-years,
The pictures Memory will keep,
Of graceful forms and kindly faces,
Of friendships made 'mid smiles and tears;
Some soon to pass -- others too deep
To fade with things that Time erases.

How vividly will sometimes rise
This terrace, and the garden fair,
These grand old trees and dreamy waters,
Smiling beneath the summer skies;
And all that Nature's hand so rare,
Lavishes on her loving daughters.

And ye will think the fate was kind
That placed ye in this lovely spot,
To study hard, not lessons only, 
But the strange human heart and mind;
The wisdom that can make life's lot
Stormy or calm, love-brimmed or lonely.

My hope for every one of you,
Dear gentle girls, on whom I look
With tender and unfeigned emotion,
Are that ye will be ever true
To the great God, who cannot brook
Divided hears, or mixed devotion.

Be true to Him with humble love;
And with each other, foes or friends,
Be ever patient, kind, forbearing;
So we shall meet in homes above,
Where bliss begins and never ends,
Heaven's rest, and heaven's full glory sharing."

Source:  May, Caroline, "LINES (WRITTEN BY REQUEST FOR SOM PUPILS LEAVING SCHOOL AT THE PRIORY.)," in Lays of Memory and Affection The Seasons and the Sea The Beatitudes Etc., pp. 64-66 (NY, NY:  Anson D. F. Randolph & Co., 1888).


"FROM ALPINE HEIGHTS TO HEAVENLY.*

BEYOND the giant hills that held aloft
The ancient city of Lausanne,
There shone, what seemed to be, in outline soft,
Angelic homes not built by man.

Flashes of dazzling light showed, now and then,
The snowy robes and harps of gold; 
Distinct awhile, then indistinct again,
As veiling clouds beneath them rolled.

They were the glaciers on the dizzy heights
Of mountain ranges far away,
Piercing the sky, and gleaming with rare lights,
Such as o'er angel forms might play.

Five thousand feet above the level sea,
Stood Sepey, 'mid these heights sublime;
With flower-sown cots and chalets, made to be
Refreshing haunts for summer-time.

'Come, let us seek the hamlet, green and fair,
That clings to yonder mountain's breast;
----------
* Miss Bolton, of Pelham Priory, died August 6, 1884, at Sepey, Switzerland.
----------
For oh, I long for higher, purer air!'
Cried one with sultry heat oppressed.

Eager to grant the wish of one so dear,
Their dearest one, their joy and pride; 
They made the ascent with mingled faith and fear,
Passing dark gorges, deep and wide;

And reached the little longed-for mountain inn,
Beneath those shining peaks of snow;
And there she seemed awhile new life to win,
And with new rapturous thought to glow.

It seemed as if the visions of St. John
Were opened to her earnest eyes;
As if the city of God came down upon
Those heights that mingled with the skies.

There was the wondrous light, as crystal clear,
To dwellers on the plains unknown,
Such light as bathed the holy, exiled Seer,
When writing of the Eternal throne;

There were heaven's gates of every rainbow hue,
Varying with the night and day; 
At sunrise ruby; at noon, pearly gray.

Such glories seemed to their beloved one
A gracious foretaste, sweet and sure,
Of promised joys that soon should be begun,
Beyond those gates so high and pure.

And oft she said, 'Oh, would it not be grand
To go to heaven from here!'  And this, 
That scarcely seemed a prayer, as God's command
Brought down a summons into bliss.

She fell asleep one morning at sunrise,
They watched in vain for one last word,
For still asleep, she passed beyond the skies,
And woke in presence of her Lord."

Source:  May, Caroline, "FROM ALPINE HEIGHTS TO HEAVENLY," in Lays of Memory and Affection The Seasons and the Sea The Beatitudes Etc., pp. 75-77 (NY, NY: Anson D. F. Randolph & Co., 1888).



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